---
title: States are subdivided into counties or county equivalents, which (ex… — United States · tree and pragmatics
description: States are subdivided into counties or county equivalents, which (except in Hawaii) can permit the formation of independent municipalities administered by their own elected representatives. Who acts: county equivalents. A sentence of Wikipedia's «United States» with its dependency tree and pragmatic
---

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# United States, sentence 251

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From Wikipedia, [«United States»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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States are subdivided into counties or county equivalents, which (except in Hawaii) can permit the formation of independent municipalities administered by their own elected representatives.

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**Who acts:** county equivalents · **What happens:** subdivide, permit, administer, elect · **To what, where:** States, counties, formation, independent municipalities

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «United States». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (county equivalents), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:United_States:251
# text = States are subdivided into counties or county equivalents, which (except in Hawaii) can permit the formation of independent municipalities administered by their own elected representatives.
1	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	subdivided	subdivide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	counties	county	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	county	county	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	equivalents	equivalent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	except	except	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	permit	permit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	municipalities	municipality	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
23	administered	administer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
26	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	amod	_	_
28	representatives	representative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subdivide** | present · passive |  | States |  | counties or county equivalents |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **permit** | can | county equivalents | the formation of independent municipalities |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent formation=Theme |
| 3 | **administer** | participle |  | independent municipalities *not said here* |  |  |  | by States's own elected representatives | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **elect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «United States», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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