--- title: With few exceptions, newspapers are privately owned, either by large… — United States · tree and pragmatics description: With few exceptions, newspapers are privately owned, either by large chains such as Gannett or McClatchy, which own dozens or even hundreds of newspapers; by small chains that own a handful of papers; or, in an increasingly rare situation, by individuals or families. Who acts: small chains, Gannett. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/United_States/506/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [United States](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/United_States/) / 506 # United States, sentence 506 From Wikipedia, [«United States»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. With few exceptions, newspapers are privately owned, either by large chains such as Gannett or McClatchy, which own dozens or even hundreds of newspapers; by small chains that own a handful of papers; or, in an increasingly rare situation, by individuals or families. **Who acts:** small chains, Gannett · **What happens:** own, dozen · **To what, where:** newspapers, handful This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «United States». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small chains, Gannett), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:United_States:506 # text = With few exceptions, newspapers are privately owned, either by large chains such as Gannett or McClatchy, which own dozens or even hundreds of newspapers; by small chains that own a handful of papers; or, in an increasingly rare situation, by individuals or families. 1 With with ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 exceptions exception NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 newspapers newspaper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _ 7 privately privately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 owned own VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 either either CCONJ CC _ 13 cc:preconj _ _ 11 by by ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 chains chain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 14 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 16 case _ _ 15 as as ADP IN _ 14 fixed _ _ 16 Gannett Gannett PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 17 or or CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 McClatchy McClatchy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 21 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 dozens dozen NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 appos _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 even even ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 hundreds hundred NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 newspapers newspaper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 29 by by ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 chains chain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl:agent _ _ 32 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 33 nsubj _ _ 33 own own VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 handful handful NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 papers paper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 45 punct _ _ 39 or or CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 42 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 43 increasingly increasingly ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 rare rare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 situation situation NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 47 by by ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 individuals individual NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 appos _ _ 49 or or CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 families family NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **own** | present · passive | small chains | newspapers | | | | with few exceptions; large chains such Gannett or McClatchy *conj*; a rare situation *conj*; privately *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme | | 2 | **dozen** | | Gannett or McClatchy | | | | | hundreds of newspapers *conj* | tree rules | | 3 | **own** | present | small chains | a handful of papers | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot handful=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «United States», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 505](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/United_States/505/) - next →: [sentence 507](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/United_States/507/) - ↑ back to [United States](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/United_States/)