---
title: Previously close to Washington (which gave Uzbekistan half a billion… — Uzbekistan · tree and pragmatics
description: Previously close to Washington (which gave Uzbekistan half a billion dollars in aid in 2004, about a quarter of its military budget), the government of Uzbekistan has recently restricted American military use of the airbase at Karshi-Khanabad for air operations in neighbouring Afghanistan. Who acts:
---

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# Uzbekistan, sentence 168

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From Wikipedia, [«Uzbekistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Previously close to Washington (which gave Uzbekistan half a billion dollars in aid in 2004, about a quarter of its military budget), the government of Uzbekistan has recently restricted American military use of the airbase at Karshi-Khanabad for air operations in neighbouring Afghanistan.

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**Who acts:** Commonwealth · **What happens:** give, restrict, neighbour, budget, use · **To what, where:** billion dollars, Uzbekistan, aid, government, airbase

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Uzbekistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Commonwealth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Uzbekistan:168
# text = Previously close to Washington (which gave Uzbekistan half a billion dollars in aid in 2004, about a quarter of its military budget), the government of Uzbekistan has recently restricted American military use of the airbase at Karshi-Khanabad for air operations in neighbouring Afghanistan.
1	Previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Washington	Washington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	Uzbekistan	Uzbekistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	iobj	_	_
9	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	12	det:predet	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	2004	2004	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	about	about	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	military	military	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Uzbekistan	Uzbekistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	restricted	restrict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
34	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
35	military	military	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	airbase	airbase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	at	at	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	Karshi	Karshi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	Khanabad	Khanabad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	conj	_	_
44	for	for	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	operations	operation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	neighbouring	neighbour	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	49	amod	_	_
49	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past |  | half billion dollars | Uzbekistan | aid in 2004 |  | which *nsubj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent uzbekistan=Recipient dollar=Theme |
| 2 | **restrict** | present · perfect · passive |  | the government of Uzbekistan |  |  |  | American military use of the airbase at Karshi and Khanabad for air operations in neighbouring Afghanistan *obj*; recently *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **neighbour** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **budget** |  | Commonwealth |  |  |  |  |  | nom budget «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 6 | **use** |  |  | the airbase at Karshi and Khanabad for air operations in neighbouring Afghanistan |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Uzbekistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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