---
title: It was closed down in 1931 after buses became a popular means of tra… — Valletta · tree and pragmatics
description: It was closed down in 1931 after buses became a popular means of transport. Who acts: buses, popular. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Valletta» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Valletta, sentence 55

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From Wikipedia, [«Valletta»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valletta), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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It was closed down in 1931 after buses became a popular means of transport.

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**Who acts:** buses, popular · **What happens:** close down, become, mean · **To what, where:** Railway

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Valletta». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (buses, popular), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Valletta:55
# text = It was closed down in 1931 after buses became a popular means of transport.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1931	1931	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	buses	bus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj	_	_
12	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	transport	transport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close down** | past · passive |  | Railway |  |  |  | in 1931 | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: subject=Patient in 1931=Topic |
| 2 | **become** | past | buses |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **mean** | present | a popular |  |  |  |  | of transport | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Valletta», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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