--- title: Valletta — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 2 description: Wikipedia's «Valletta», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Valletta (/vəˈlɛtə/; il-Belt Valletta, ɪlˈbɛlt vɐˈlːɛtːɐ), also known as Città Umilissima, is the capital city of Malta and one of its 68 council areas. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Valletta/page/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Valletta # Valletta · page 2 From Wikipedia, [«Valletta»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valletta), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Valletta/) **2** The following people have served as Mayors of Valletta:[\[56\]](../../page/2/#ref-56 "note 56")[74](../../74/ "tree and pragmatics") - Hector Bruno (1993–1999) ([PN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_%28Malta%29))[75](../../75/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Paul Borg Olivier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Borg_Olivier) (1999–2008) ([PN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_%28Malta%29))[76](../../76/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Alexiei Dingli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexiei_Dingli) (2008–2019) ([PN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_%28Malta%29))[\[57\]](../../page/2/#ref-57 "note 57")[77](../../77/ "tree and pragmatics") - Christian Micallef (2019) ([PN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_%28Malta%29))[\[58\]](../../page/2/#ref-58 "note 58")[78](../../78/ "tree and pragmatics") - Alfred Zammit (2019–2024) ([PL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_%28Malta%29))[\[59\]](../../page/2/#ref-59 "note 59")[79](../../79/ "tree and pragmatics") - Olaf McKay (2024–) (PL)[80](../../80/ "tree and pragmatics") ### National government Valletta is the capital city of Malta,[\[60\]](../../page/2/#ref-60 "note 60") and is the country's administrative and commercial hub.[\[61\]](../../page/2/#ref-61 "note 61")[81](../../81/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Parliament of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta) has been housed at the [Parliament House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_House_%28Malta%29) near the city's entrance since 2015: it was previously housed at the [Grandmaster's Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace_in_Valletta) in the city centre.[\[62\]](../../page/2/#ref-62 "note 62")[82](../../82/ "tree and pragmatics") The latter palace still houses the Office of the [President of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Malta),[\[63\]](../../page/2/#ref-63 "note 63") while the [Auberge de Castille](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille) houses the Office of the [Prime Minister of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta).[83](../../83/ "tree and pragmatics") The [courthouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courts_of_Justice_building_%28Valletta%29) and many government departments are also located in Valletta.[\[64\]](../../page/2/#ref-64 "note 64")[84](../../84/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Geography The Valletta [peninsula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula) has two natural harbours, [Marsamxett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsamxett_Harbour) and the [Grand Harbour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Harbour).[\[47\]](../../page/2/#ref-47 "note 47")[85](../../85/ "tree and pragmatics") The Grand Harbour is Malta's major port, with unloading quays at nearby [Marsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsa,_Malta).[86](../../86/ "tree and pragmatics") A cruise-liner terminal is located along the old seawall of the [Valletta Waterfront](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valletta_Waterfront) that [Portuguese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal) [corpus](../../../Portugal/ "in our corpus") Grandmaster [Manuel Pinto da Fonseca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Pinto_da_Fonseca) built.[\[65\]](../../page/2/#ref-65 "note 65")[87](../../87/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Climate Main article: [Climate of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Malta) Valletta features a hot-summer variant [Mediterranean climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climate) ([Köppen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification) Csa) with very mild, wet winters and long, hot, dry summers, with an average annual temperature above 23 °C during the day and 16 °C at night.[88](../../88/ "tree and pragmatics") Valletta experiences a lack of precipitation during the summer months with most of the annual precipitation occurring during the winter months, and despite the summer dryness, [humidity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity) and [dew points](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point) remain high because of the city's coastal location.[89](../../89/ "tree and pragmatics") Winter temperatures are moderated by the surrounding sea and as a result, the city has very mild winters and a long seasonal lag.[90](../../90/ "tree and pragmatics") Air frosts and snowfall are essentially non-existent, with the last measurable snow falling during the [winter of 1963](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_of_1962–1963_in_the_United_Kingdom).[91](../../91/ "tree and pragmatics") The official climate recording station in Malta is at [Luqa Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_International_Airport), which is a few miles inland from Valletta.[92](../../92/ "tree and pragmatics") Average high temperatures range from around 16 °C in January to about 32 °C in August, while average low temperatures range from around 10 °C in January to 23 °C in August.[93](../../93/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Cityscape The architecture of Valletta's [streets and piazzas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_streets_and_piazzas_in_Valletta) ranges from mid-16th century Baroque to [Modernism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_architecture).[94](../../94/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is the island's principal cultural centre and has a unique collection of churches, palaces and museums and act as one of the city's main visitor attractions.[95](../../95/ "tree and pragmatics") When [Benjamin Disraeli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli), future British Prime Minister, visited the city in 1830, he described it as "a city of palaces built by gentlemen for gentlemen," and remarked that "Valletta equals in its noble architecture, if it does not excel, any capital in [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe)," and in other letters called it "comparable to [Venice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice) and [Cádiz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cádiz)" and "full of palaces worthy of [Palladio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladio)."[\[66\]](../../page/2/#ref-66 "note 66")[\[67\]](../../page/2/#ref-67 "note 67")[96](../../96/ "tree and pragmatics") Buildings of historic importance include [St John's Co-Cathedral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_John%27s_Co-Cathedral), formerly the Conventual Church of the [Knights of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller).[97](../../97/ "tree and pragmatics") It has the only signed work and largest painting by Michelangelo Merisi da [Caravaggio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravaggio).[\[68\]](../../page/2/#ref-68 "note 68")[98](../../98/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Auberge de Castille et Leon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille), formerly the official seat of the Knights of Malta of the Langue of Castille, Léon and Portugal, is now the office of the [Prime Minister of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta).[\[64\]](../../page/2/#ref-64 "note 64")[99](../../99/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Grandmaster's Palace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace_%28Valletta%29), built between 1571 and 1574 and formerly the seat of the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta, used to house the Maltese Parliament, now situated in a purpose-built structure at the entrance to the city, and now houses the offices of the [President of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Malta).[\[69\]](../../page/2/#ref-69 "note 69")[100](../../100/ "tree and pragmatics") [Admiralty House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty_House_%28Valletta%29) is a Baroque palace dating to the late 1570s.[101](../../101/ "tree and pragmatics") It was the official residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet during the British era from the 1820s onwards.[102](../../102/ "tree and pragmatics") From 1974 until 2016, it was the site of the [National Museum of Fine Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_%28Malta%29).[103](../../103/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Manoel Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_Theatre) (Teatru Manoel) was constructed in just ten months in 1731, by order of Grand Master [António Manoel de Vilhena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_Manoel_de_Vilhena), and is one of the oldest working theatres in Europe.[104](../../104/ "tree and pragmatics") The Mediterranean Conference Centre was formerly the [Sacra Infermeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacra_Infermeria).[105](../../105/ "tree and pragmatics") Built in 1574, it was one of Europe's most renowned hospitals during the Renaissance.[106](../../106/ "tree and pragmatics") The [fortifications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortification) of the port, built by the Knights as a magnificent series of bastions, demi-bastions, cavaliers and curtains, approximately 100 m high, all contribute to the unique architectural quality of the city.[107](../../107/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Neighbourhoods Valletta contains a number of unofficial neighbourhoods, including:[\[70\]](../../page/2/#ref-70 "note 70")[108](../../108/ "tree and pragmatics") - Strada Rjali – the main thoroughfare, [Triq ir-Repubblika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Street,_Valletta)[109](../../109/ "tree and pragmatics") - l-Arċipierku – an area close to the [Sacra Infermeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacra_Infermeria).[110](../../110/ "tree and pragmatics") Its name possibly derives from [archipelago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago) since it contains a number of lanes which break up the area into many "islands" of houses, or from [archi-borgo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgo_%28disambiguation%29) since the area is located just outside [Fort Saint Elmo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Saint_Elmo).[\[71\]](../../page/2/#ref-71 "note 71")[111](../../111/ "tree and pragmatics") - il-Baviera – an area around the English Curtain, bounded by Old Bakery, Archbishop, Marsamxett and St. Sebastian Streets.[112](../../112/ "tree and pragmatics") It is named after [Auberge de Bavière](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberge_de_Bavière).[\[71\]](../../page/2/#ref-71 "note 71")[113](../../113/ "tree and pragmatics") - il-Biċċerija – an area close to il-Baviera, named after the [slaughterhouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse) which was formerly located there.[\[71\]](../../page/2/#ref-71 "note 71")[114](../../114/ "tree and pragmatics") - il-Kamrata – an area close to the [Sacra Infermeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacra_Infermeria).[115](../../115/ "tree and pragmatics") It is named after the Camerata, a spiritual retreat which was demolished in the 19th century and replaced by social housing.[\[71\]](../../page/2/#ref-71 "note 71")[116](../../116/ "tree and pragmatics") - Deux Balles (Duwi Balli) – an area close to il-Baviera.[117](../../117/ "tree and pragmatics") The name probably originates from the [French occupation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_occupation_of_Malta).[\[71\]](../../page/2/#ref-71 "note 71")[118](../../118/ "tree and pragmatics") - il-Fossa – an area close to the Jews' Sally Port and Fort Saint Elmo.[119](../../119/ "tree and pragmatics") It is regarded as the worst maintained area of Valletta.[\[72\]](../../page/2/#ref-72 "note 72")[120](../../120/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Manderaggio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manderaggio) (il-Mandraġġ) – an area behind Manderaggio Curtain, bounded by St. Mark, St. Lucia, St. Patrick and Marsamxett Streets.[121](../../121/ "tree and pragmatics") This was meant to be a small harbour ([mandracchio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandracchio)) but it was never completed, and a slum area developed instead.[122](../../122/ "tree and pragmatics") The slums were demolished in the 1950s and were rebuilt as housing estates.[\[71\]](../../page/2/#ref-71 "note 71")[123](../../123/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Economy Eurostat estimates the labour force in 2015 for the greater Valletta area at around 91,000 people.[124](../../124/ "tree and pragmatics") This corresponds to a share of just under 50 percent of Malta.[125](../../125/ "tree and pragmatics") As in Malta as a whole, [tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Malta) is an important economic sector.[126](../../126/ "tree and pragmatics") The most important tourist zone is the area surrounding the Grand Harbour.[127](../../127/ "tree and pragmatics") For the cruise industry, after several years of planning, work began in 2002 to build the Valletta Waterfront Project, a cruise terminal, in the Grand Harbour.[\[73\]](../../page/2/#ref-73 "note 73")[128](../../128/ "tree and pragmatics") There is also a publishing house in Valletta, Allied Newspapers Ltd., a media company.[129](../../129/ "tree and pragmatics") This company publishes the two market-leading newspapers, [Times of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_Malta) and The Sunday Times of Malta.[130](../../130/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Education The Valletta Campus of the [University of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Malta) is situated in the Old University Building.[131](../../131/ "tree and pragmatics") It serves as an extension of the Msida Campus, especially offering international masters programmes.[\[74\]](../../page/2/#ref-74 "note 74")[132](../../132/ "tree and pragmatics") A [church school](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_school), "St. Albert the Great", is also situated in Valletta.[133](../../133/ "tree and pragmatics") The Headmaster is the [Democratic Alternative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Alternative_%28Malta%29) politician Mario Mallia.[\[75\]](../../page/2/#ref-75 "note 75")[\[76\]](../../page/2/#ref-76 "note 76")[134](../../134/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Culture Valletta was designated [European Capital of Culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture) for 2018.[\[77\]](../../page/2/#ref-77 "note 77")[135](../../135/ "tree and pragmatics") The year was inaugurated with an event called Erba' Pjazez (Four Squares), with shows focused in 4 plazas in the city – [Triton Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_Fountain_%28Malta%29), [St. George's Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._George%27s_Square,_Valletta), [St. John's Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_John%27s_Square), and [Castille Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille) – along with other shows in other points.[\[78\]](../../page/2/#ref-78 "note 78")[136](../../136/ "tree and pragmatics") This was followed by the unveiling of a public art installation, Kif Jgħid il-Malti (Maltese [Sayings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb)), which featured a number of [Maltese language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_language) proverb figured in gypsum, in order to engage linguistic heritage.[\[79\]](../../page/2/#ref-79 "note 79")[\[80\]](../../page/2/#ref-80 "note 80")[137](../../137/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Saint James Cavalier [Saint James Cavalier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_James_Cavalier), originally a raised gun platform, was converted into a Centre of Creativity in the year 2000 as part of Malta's Millennium Project.[138](../../138/ "tree and pragmatics") It now houses a small theatre, a cinema, music rooms and art galleries.[139](../../139/ "tree and pragmatics") Various exhibitions are regularly held there.[140](../../140/ "tree and pragmatics") It has welcomed over a million visitors since opening.[\[81\]](../../page/2/#ref-81 "note 81")[141](../../141/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Music The [Valletta International Baroque Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valletta_International_Baroque_Festival) is held every year in January.[142](../../142/ "tree and pragmatics") Jazz music in Malta was introduced in the Strait Street area, frequented by Allied sailors during both [World Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war).[\[82\]](../../page/2/#ref-82 "note 82")[143](../../143/ "tree and pragmatics") Malta's Jazz Festival took place here.[144](../../144/ "tree and pragmatics") Strait Street is also known as The Gut.[145](../../145/ "tree and pragmatics") This area is undergoing a programme of regeneration.[146](../../146/ "tree and pragmatics") The city's dual band clubs are the "[King's Own Band Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Own_Band)" (L-Għaqda Mużikali King's Own) and "La Valette National Philharmonic Society" (Is-Soċjetà Filarmonika Nazzjonali La Valette).[147](../../147/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Carnival Valletta is the scene of the [Maltese Carnival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_Carnival), held in February each year, leading up to [Lent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lent).[\[83\]](../../page/2/#ref-83 "note 83")[148](../../148/ "tree and pragmatics") In 1823 the Valletta carnival was the scene of [a human crush tragedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnival_tragedy_of_1823) in which at least 110 boys died.[\[84\]](../../page/2/#ref-84 "note 84")[149](../../149/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Feasts - The feast of [Our Lady of Mount Carmel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel) is celebrated on 16 July[150](../../150/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Saint Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle)'s feast is celebrated on 10 February[151](../../151/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Saint Dominic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Dominic)'s feast is celebrated in Valletta on 4 August or before[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") - The feast of [Saint Augustine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo) is celebrated on the third Sunday after Easter[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") - The city's residents also conduct an annual procession in honour of [St. Rita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Rita)[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") ### In literature and the arts - The poetical illustrations (painted by T. C. Dibden, engraved by J. Tingle)[\[85\]](../../page/2/#ref-85 "note 85") and (painted by [Samuel Prout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Prout), engraved by J, Carter)[\[86\]](../../page/2/#ref-86 "note 86") by [Letitia Elizabeth Landon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon) were both published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837.[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") A further poem illustrates a painting of the procession in the Strada St Giovanni painted by [Samuel Prout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Prout) and engraved by E. Challis is in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838.[\[87\]](../../page/2/#ref-87 "note 87")[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Twin towns – sister cities See also: [List of twin towns and sister cities in Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Malta) Valletta is [twinned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities) with:[\[88\]](../../page/2/#ref-88 "note 88")[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Palermo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo), Italy[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Pisa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisa), Italy[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Cortona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortona), Italy, since August 26, 2022[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rhodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes), Greece[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Byblos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byblos), Lebanon[162](../../162/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Piran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piran), Slovenia[163](../../163/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transport [Malta International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_International_Airport) is 8 km from the city in the town of [Luqa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luqa).[164](../../164/ "tree and pragmatics") Malta's [public transport system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Malta), which uses buses, operates mostly on routes to or from Valletta, with their central terminus just outside the [city gate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Gate_%28Valletta%29).[165](../../165/ "tree and pragmatics") Traffic within the city itself is restricted, with some principal roads being completely pedestrian areas.[166](../../166/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2006, a [park and ride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ride) system was implemented in order to increase the availability of parking spaces in the city.[167](../../167/ "tree and pragmatics") People can leave their vehicles in a nearby [Floriana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floriana) car park and transfer to a [van](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van) for the rest of the trip.[168](../../168/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2007, a [congestion pricing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing) scheme was implemented to reduce long-term parking and traffic while promoting business in the city.[\[89\]](../../page/2/#ref-89 "note 89")[\[90\]](../../page/2/#ref-90 "note 90")[169](../../169/ "tree and pragmatics") An [ANPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_number-plate_recognition)-based automated system takes photos of vehicles as they enter and exit the charging zone and vehicle owners are billed according to the duration of their stay.[\[89\]](../../page/2/#ref-89 "note 89")[170](../../170/ "tree and pragmatics") Valletta is served by a fleet of electric taxis which transport riders from 10 points in Valletta to any destination in the city.[\[91\]](../../page/2/#ref-91 "note 91")[171](../../171/ "tree and pragmatics") As of 2021, an underground [Malta Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_Metro) is being planned, with a projected total cost of €6.2 billion,[\[92\]](../../page/2/#ref-92 "note 92") centred on the Valletta urban area.[172](../../172/ "tree and pragmatics") [Virtu Ferries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtu_Ferries) offer passenger and goods services to [Pozzallo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzallo) and [Catania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catania), Sicily.[\[93\]](../../page/2/#ref-93 "note 93")[173](../../173/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Notable people Main article: [Category:People from Valletta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_from_Valletta) ## Sports - [Valletta F.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valletta_F.C.)[174](../../174/ "tree and pragmatics") Association Football team and Futsal team[175](../../175/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Valletta Lions RFC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valletta_Lions_RFC) Rugby Football Union team[176](../../176/ "tree and pragmatics") - Valletta's [Marsamxett Harbour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsamxett_Harbour) a "Regatta" (Rowing) Team, which takes part in the annual traditional Regatta on Victory Day (8 September).[177](../../177/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Valletta United W.P.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valletta_United_W.P.C.), a Water Polo Club hailing from Marsamxett side[178](../../178/ "tree and pragmatics") - Valletta V.C., a Volleyball club.[179](../../179/ "tree and pragmatics") - Marsamxett Boċċi, a Boċċi Club from Marsamxett, Valletta.[180](../../180/ "tree and pragmatics") - Valletta St. Paul's Boċċi, a Boċċi Club from L-Arċipierku side, Valletta.[181](../../181/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Further reading Bianco, Lino (2009). "[Valletta: A city in history](https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/handle/123456789/15640/Valletta%20-%20A%20city%20in%20history_A5.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)". *Melita Theologica*. University of Malta: Department of Architecture and Urban Design – Faculty for the Built Environment. ## External links [Valletta Local Council](http://www.cityofvalletta.org) [Valletta Living History](https://web.archive.org/web/20110207154320/http://maltaattraction.com/) [Valletta, Malta's capital city and UNESCO World Heritage Site](https://www.welcome-center-malta.com/valletta-maltas-capital-city-and-unesco-world-heritage-site/) [Old maps](https://merhav.nli.org.il/primo-explore/search?query=any,contains,valletta%20map&tab=default_tab&search_scope=Local&sortby=lso01&vid=NLI&mfacet=topic,include,Valletta%20%28Malta%29,1&lang=en_US&offset=0&came_from=sort) of Valletta from the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The [National Library of Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Valletta/) **2** ## References {#references} 1\. Badger, George Percy (1869). "[Historical Guide to Malta and Gozo](https://archive.org/details/historicalguide00badggoog)". Calleja. 2\. "[Mid-year population estimates by locality, sex and citizenship: 2012-2024](https://nso.gov.mt/wp-content/uploads/Mid-year-population-estimates-by-locality-sex-and-citzenship_2012-2024.xlsx)". National Statistics Office. 3\. "[Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas](http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en)". *[Eurostat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurostat)*. 2020. 4\. "[Valletta](https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/valletta)". *Collins Dictionary*. 5\. "[Geography and History](https://beltvallettalc.gov.mt/homepage/geografija-u-storja/)". *Beltvalletta*. 6\. "[Estimated Population by Locality 31st March, 2014](https://secure2.gov.mt/localgovernment/file.aspx?f=7810)". [Government of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Malta). 16 May 2014. 7\. [Valletta, Malta – Intercultural City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_capitals_by_latitude) – [Council of Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe) 8\. [Nicosia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicosia) in Cyprus is further south than Valletta, however Cyprus is geographically part of Asia, although occasionally considered a European country in political and cultural geography. The [United Nations geoscheme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme) includes Cyprus in [Western Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Asia). 9\. "[The 10 Smallest Countries in Europe](https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-10-smallest-countries-in-europe.html)". *World Atlas*. 31 May 2018. 10\. "[History of Valletta – Story About Valletta – Interesting Facts](https://www.visitmalta.com/en/valletta-history)". *www.visitmalta.com*. 11\. "[City of Valletta](https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/131)". *UNESCO World Heritage List*. 12\. "[Valletta travel](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/malta/valletta)". *Lonely Planet*. 13\. [Valletta (Malta) – The Complete Overview of Malta's Capital City](https://www.maltauncovered.com/valletta-capital-city/) – maltauncovered.com 14\. [Valletta is crowned the sunniest city in Europe](http://bay.com.mt/grab-your-shades-valletta-is-crowned-the-sunniest-city-in-europe/) – bay.com.mt, 2016 15\. [Sunniest Cities in Europe](https://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Europe/sunniest-cities.php) – currentresults.com, 2016 16\. "[thinksite.eu](http://www.thinksite.eu/userfiles/Glossary+of+placenames+related+to+Islam+Christianity+and+Ethnicity.pdf)". *Thinksite.eu*. 17\. "['Xagħret Mewwija: L-Istorja tal-Belt … Milwija' aka Dragut's revenge – The Malta Independent](https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2013-01-06/newspaper-lifestyleculture/%E2%80%98Xaghret-Mewwija:-L-Istorja-tal-Belt-%E2%80%A6-Milwija%E2%80%99-aka-Dragut%E2%80%99s-revenge-637304835)". *www.independent.com.mt*. 18\. "[The Secrets of underground Valletta – The Malta Independent](http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2009-03-15/news/the-secrets-of-underground-valletta-221865/)". *Independent.com.mt*. 19\. [p. 21, footnote 163](http://www.thinksite.eu/userfiles/Glossary%20of%20placenames%20related%20to%20Islam%20Christianity%20and%20Ethnicity.pdf) . 20\. "[p. 231](http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Archivum%20Melitense/AM.01%281910-1912%29/6%20AM.%201%281911-1912%2911-12/04.pdf)". 21\. Manley, Deborah (10 February 2012). "[Malta: A Traveller's Anthology](https://books.google.com/books?id=UsK_BAAAQBAJ&q=Mewwija+Valletta&pg=PT150)". Andrews UK Limited. 22\. Delbeke, M.; Schraven, M. (9 December 2011). "[Foundation, Dedication and Consecration in Early Modern Europe](https://books.google.com/books?id=r7p2l48O2KoC&q=mewwija+sheb+er+ras&pg=PA215)". BRILL. 23\. [de Piro](https://books.google.com/books?id=wbFQAAAAYAAJ&q=Valletta+Sceberras). 24\. Vella, John. "[Thalassic imaginaries : witnesses to (an) unwritten history](https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/80897)". *European Review of History*. Taylor & Francis. 25\. Attard, Sonia. "[The Valletta Fortifications](http://www.aboutmalta.com/history/vallettafort.shtml)". *aboutmalta.com*. 26\. Leopardi, E. R. (1949). "[The First Printed Description of Malta : Lyons 1536](http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Scientia%20%28Malta%29/Scientia.%2015%281949%292%28Apr.-Jun.%29/01.pdf)". *Scientia*. 27\. "[Triton Square and Bisjuttin Area-Embellishment projects](https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/30600/1/Triton%20Square%20and%20Bisjuttin%20Area-Embelishment%20projects.pdf)". Ministry for Tourism. January 2018. 28\. "[History of Valletta](http://www.cityofvalletta.org/content.aspx?id=46634)". *City of Valletta*. 29\. Blouet, Brian W. (October 1964). "Town Planning in Malta, 1530–1798". *Town Planning Review*. [Liverpool University Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_University_Press). 30\. Gugliuzzo, Carmelina (9 December 2011). "[Foundation, Dedication and Consecration in Early Modern Europe](http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/books/b9789004222083_010)". Booksandjournals.brillonline.com. 31\. Cassar, Mario. "[L-Istorja tal-Ilsien Malti](http://www.akkademjatalmalti.com/page.asp?p=9023#1600)". *L-Akkademja tal-Malti*. 32\. Graff, Philippe (1994). "[La Valette: une ville nouvelle du XVIe siècle et son évolution jusqu'à nos jours](http://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0997-1327_1994_num_71_1_1641)". *Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée: Le carrefour maltais*. [Publications de l'Université de Provence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publications_de_l%27Université_de_Provence). 33\. Rudolf, Uwe Jens; Berg, Warren G. (2010). "[Historical Dictionary of Malta](https://books.google.com/books?id=nwuUOVkaMB0C&pg=PA33)". Scarecrow Press. 34\. Cassar, Paul (1946). "[The Hospital of the Order of St. John in Malta](http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Scientia%20%28Malta%29/Scientia.%2012%281946%292%28Apr.-Jun.%29/02.pdf)". *Scientia*. 35\. Ellul, Michael (1986). "[Carlo Gimach (1651–1730) – Architect and Poet](http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week/PHW%201986/02s.pdf)". *Proceedings of History Week*. Historical Society of Malta. 36\. "[Floriana's Pavilion from the Knights to the British](http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20140504/life-features/Floriana-s-Pavilion-from-the-Knights-to-the-British.517786)". *[Times of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_Malta)*. 4 May 2014. 37\. Armstrong, Gary; Mitchell, Jon P. (2008). "[Global and Local Football: Politics and Europeanization on the Fringes of the EU](https://books.google.com/books?id=zliK30npLlsC&q=false&pg=PA44)". Routledge. 38\. Spiteri, Stephen C. (2012). "[Hospitaller Gunpowder Magazines](http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/Journals/arx-occasional-papers-hospitaller-gunpowder-magazines.html)". *Arx – International Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification*. 39\. Eltis, David; Bradley, Keith; Cartledge, Paul (2011). "[The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3: AD 1420-AD 1804](https://books.google.com/books?id=5qp_3aL76isC&pg=PA144)". Cambridge University Press. 40\. Mifsud Bonnici, Carmelo (August 1936). "[Fr. Emanuel Pinto de Fonseca](http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Malta%20Letteraria/ML.n.s.,%2011%281936%29/11.pdf)". *Malta Letteraria*. 41\. Borg Muscat, David (2005). "[Reassessing the September 1775 Rebellion: a Case of Lay Participation or a 'Rising of the Priests'?](http://mhs.eu.pn/mh3/20022.html)". *Malta Historical Society*. 42\. Zammit, Andre (1986). "Valletta and the system of human settlements in the Maltese Islands". *Ekistics*. Athens Center of Ekistics. 43\. Bonello, Giovanni (18 November 2012). "[Let's hide the majestic bastions](http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20121118/life-features/Let-s-hide-the-majestic-bastions.445894)". *[Times of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_Malta)*. 44\. Cole, Beverly (2011). "Trains". H.F.Ullmann. 45\. Peter Jacobs (31 January 2016). "[Fortress Islands Malta: Defence & Re-Supply During the Siege](https://books.google.com/books?id=DV6qCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT10)". Pen and Sword. 46\. "[24th Chess Olympiad](http://www.olimpbase.org/1980/1980in.html)". OlimpBase. 47\. Gatt, Oliver (2008). "[Valletta City of the Knights](http://www.bdlbooks.com/knights/279-valletta-city-of-the-knights.html)". Bdlbooks.com. 48\. "[Valletta Conference on Migration (Malta, 11–12 November 2015) – Orientation debate](http://www.statewatch.org/news/2015/jul/eu-council-november-015-migration-valletta-conference-orientation-debate-10387-15.pdf)". *statewatch.org*. Council of the European Union. 30 June 2015. 49\. "[Queen to greet line-up of despots at meeting of Commonwealth leaders in Malta](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/queen-elizabeth-II/12018566/Queen-to-greet-line-up-of-despots-at-meeting-of-Commonwealth-leaders-in-Malta.html)". *Daily Telegraph*. 26 November 2015. 50\. "[Valletta awarded the title of European Capital of Culture in 2018](https://www.gov.mt/en/About%20Malta/valletta/Pages/European-Capital-of-Culture-in-2018.aspx)". gov.mt. 51\. "[About Local Administration](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_Giuratale_%28Valletta%29)". 52\. "[About Local Government](http://www.lca.org.mt/pages/iseSinglePages.asp?m=20)". *Local Councils' Association*. 53\. "[Elezzjonijiet tal-Kunsilli Lokali fis-Snin li Għaddew (1993–2013)](http://lc.gov.mt/mediacenter/PDFs/1_Elezzjonijiet%201993-2013.pdf)". *lc.gov.mt*. 54\. "[Elezzjonijiet tal-Kunsilli Lokali 2015–2023](http://lc.gov.mt/mediacenter/PDFs/1_Elezzjonijiet%202015-2023.pdf)". *lc.gov.mt*. 55\. "[Council Members](http://lc.gov.mt/Page.aspx?catid=12&pid=205)". *lc.gov.mt*. 56\. "[Mayors from 1993](https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/mayors-from-1993/)". *vassallohistory.wordpress.com*. 16 August 2014. 57\. "[Watch: 'Valletta 2018 was a missed opportunity,' says former mayor](https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20190220/timestalk/watch-commercial-interests-trumping-those-of-residents-former-valletta.702457)". *Times of Malta*. 20 February 2019. 58\. "[Christian Micallef sworn in as new Mayor of Valletta – The Malta Independent](http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2019-01-15/local-news/Christian-Micallef-sworn-in-as-new-Mayor-of-Valletta-6736202090)". *www.independent.com.mt*. 59\. "[Alfred Zammit is-sindku tal-Belt Valletta – TVM](https://www.tvm.com.mt/mt/news/il-pl-jirbah-il-kunsill-lokali-tal-belt-valletta/)". *www.tvm.com.mt*. 29 May 2019. 60\. "[The Maltese Islands](https://www.gov.mt/en/About%20Malta/Maltese%20Islands/Pages/The-Maltese-Islands.aspx)". *[Government of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Malta)*. 61\. "[The Capital City Valletta](https://www.gov.mt/en/Pages/Valletta-Write-up.aspx)". *[Government of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Malta)*. 62\. Maitland, Robert (2014). "[Tourism in National Capitals and Global Change](https://books.google.com/books?id=hQDPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137)". Routledge. 63\. "[Il-Palazz tal-Belt](http://president.gov.mt/il-palazzi-tal-president/il-palazz-tal-belt/)". *Office of the President of Malta*. 64\. "[Auberge de Castille et Leon](http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/01127.pdf)". *National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands*. 28 December 2012. 65\. Guillaumier, Alfie (2005). "Bliet u Rħula Maltin". Klabb Kotba Maltin. 66\. "[Valletta – the Capital City](http://www.maltaexpo.com/page.asp?p=16005&l=1)". Maltaexpo.com. 67\. "[LP21 – Valletta 'Citta Umilissima' Lapel Pin](http://collectables.maltaexpo.com/page.asp?n=product&p=209746&c=734)". *Collectables – Our Products*. Maltaexpo.com. 68\. Patrick, James (2007). "[Renaissance and Reformation](https://books.google.com/books?id=i6ZJlLHLPY8C&pg=PA194)". Marshall Cavendish. 69\. "[Grandmaster Palace](http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/01134.pdf)". *National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands*. 28 December 2012. 70\. Zahra, Lorenzo (1999). "[Laqmijiet ta' Postijiet fil-Belt Valletta](http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/L-Imnara/L-Imnara.%2006%281999%292=23/09s.pdf)". *Melita Historica*. 71\. "[Valletta Action Plan – Integrated Cultural Heritage Management Plan](http://www.cityofvalletta.org/common/file_provider.aspx?id=634612821044531250)". *Valletta Local Council*. 72\. Gauci, Anisia (2011). "[Regeneration of Jews Sally Port (Il-Fossa), Valletta](https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/4834)". *[University of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Malta)*. 73\. "[Restoring and reviving Valletta's waterfront](https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/restoring-and-reviving-vallettas-waterfront.83943)". *timesofmalta.com*. 17 July 2005. 74\. "[Valletta Campus – Youth Information](http://www.youthinfo.gov.mt/default.asp?m=cat&id=38)". *Youthinfo.gov.mt*. 75\. "[Find Us](http://www.stalbert.edu.mt/find-st-albert-the-great/)". *Stalbert.edu.mt*. 76\. "[People – Alternattiva Demokratika](http://www.alternattiva.org.mt/people-2/)". *Alternativtiva.org.mt*. 77\. "[Valletta 2018](https://valletta2018.org/)". *Valletta 2018*. 78\. "[Erba' Pjazez](https://valletta2018.org/events/erba-pjazez/)". *Vallrtta2018.org*. 79\. "[A bum, a bird and a pig: Valletta 2018 unveils 'Kif Jgħid Il-Malti' public art installations – The Malta Independent](http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2018-02-02/local-news/A-bum-a-bird-and-a-pig-Valletta-2018-unveils-Kif-Jghid-Il-Malti-public-art-installations-6736184371)". *Independent.com.mt*. 80\. "[Arts & Entertainment](https://www.timesofmalta.com/mobile/articles/view/20180202/arts-entertainment/valletta-2018-unveils-public-art-installations.669557)". *Timesofmalta.com*. 2 February 2018. 81\. "[St.James Cavalier Theatre Overview in Valletta, Malta](http://www.islandofgozo.org/place?id=42&item=stjames-cavalier-theatre)". *Island of Gozo*. Gozo Tourism Association. 82\. "[What are the best events taking place throughout the year in Malta?](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/why-choose-malta/best-events/)". *The Telegraph*. 2017-09-01. 83\. Cassar Pullicino, Joseph (October–December 1949). "[The Order of St. John in Maltese folk-memory](http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Scientia%20%28Malta%29/Scientia.%2015%281949%294%28Oct.-Dec.%29/01.pdf)". *Scientia*. 84\. "[Niles' Weekly Registrar](https://books.google.com/books?id=JPQaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA189)". William Ogden Niles. March–September 1823. 85\. Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1836). "[Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837](https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=39BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA92)". Fisher, Son & Co..Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1836). "[Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837](https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=39BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA94)". Fisher, Son & Co.. 86\. Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1836). "[Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837](https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=39BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA148)". Fisher, Son & Co..Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1836). "[Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837](https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=39BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA150)". Fisher, Son & Co.. 87\. Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "[Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838](https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA6)". Fisher, Son & Co.. 88\. "[Palermo and Valletta together for 2018. Cultural twinning at Palazzo Asmundo](http://www.palermoworld.it/eng/palermo-and-valletta-together-for-2018-cultural-twinning-at-palazzo-asmundo/)". *palermoworld.it*. Palermo World. 30 December 2017. 89\. "[CVA System – The Purpose Of](http://www.cva.gov.mt/)". *Controlled Vehicular Access Technology*. 90\. "[Valletta traffic congestion considerably reduced](http://www.maltamedia.com/artman2/publish/govt_politics/article_1745.shtml)". MaltaMedia News. 6 May 2007. 91\. Galea Debono, Fiona (15 June 2007). "[Valletta gets its own clean taxi service](http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20070615/local/valletta-gets-its-own-clean-taxi-service.14499)". *[Times of Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_Malta)*. 92\. "[Government unveils 25-station, €6.2 billion underground Metro proposal](https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/watch-live-government-announces-metro-study-results.905092)". *Times of Malta*. October 2021. 93\. "[London to Valletta](https://www.seat61.com/Malta.htm#London_to_Valletta)". [The Man in Seat Sixty-One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_in_Seat_Sixty-One). [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Valletta/) **2** - ← previous: [page 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Valletta/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)