---
title: Although manganese mining halted in c. 1980, there was an agreement… — Vanuatu · tree and pragmatics
description: Although manganese mining halted in c. 1980, there was an agreement in 2006 to export manganese already mined but not yet exported. Who acts: agreement, manganese. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Vanuatu» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Vanuatu, sentence 338

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From Wikipedia, [«Vanuatu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Although manganese mining halted in c. 1980, there was an agreement in 2006 to export manganese already mined but not yet exported.

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**Who acts:** agreement, manganese · **What happens:** halt, be, export, mine, not export · **To what, where:** manganese mining, c.

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vanuatu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (agreement, manganese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vanuatu:338
# text = Although manganese mining halted in c. 1980, there was an agreement in 2006 to export manganese already mined but not yet exported.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	manganese	manganese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mining	mining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	halted	halt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	c.	c.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	1980	1980	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	2006	2006	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	export	export	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl	_	_
17	manganese	manganese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	already	already	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	mined	mine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
22	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	exported	export	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **halt** | participle |  | manganese mining *not said here* |  | c. |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **be** | past | a agreement in 2006 |  |  | there |  | although manganese mining | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **export** | to-infinitive | a agreement in 2006 *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **mine** | past | manganese |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **export** | participle | manganese *not said here* |  |  |  | yet |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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