---
title: The first Europeans to visit the islands were a Spanish expedition l… — Vanuatu · tree and pragmatics
description: The first Europeans to visit the islands were a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Fernandes de Queirós, who arrived on the largest island, Espíritu Santo, in 1606. Who acts: islands, Fernandes. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Vanuatu» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Vanuatu, sentence 4

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From Wikipedia, [«Vanuatu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The first Europeans to visit the islands were a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Fernandes de Queirós, who arrived on the largest island, Espíritu Santo, in 1606.

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**Who acts:** islands, Fernandes · **What happens:** visit, be, lead, arrive · **To what, where:** Spanish expedition, largest island, first Europeans

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vanuatu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (islands, Fernandes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vanuatu:4
# text = The first Europeans to visit the islands were a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Fernandes de Queirós, who arrived on the largest island, Espíritu Santo, in 1606.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	visit	visit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	expedition	expedition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	_
12	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	navigator	navigator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	Fernandes	Fernandes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
17	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	_
18	Queirós	Queirós	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	25	amod	_	_
25	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Espíritu	Espíritu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
28	Santo	Santo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	1606	1606	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the islands | a Spanish expedition |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lead** | participle |  | a Spanish expedition *not said here* |  |  |  | by Portuguese navigator | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by navigator=Destination |
| 4 | **arrive** | past | Fernandes |  |  | the largest island |  | in 1606 | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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