---
title: Further sandalwood trees were found on Efate, Espiritu Santo, and An… — Vanuatu · tree and pragmatics
description: Further sandalwood trees were found on Efate, Espiritu Santo, and Aneityum, prompting a series of boom and busts, though supplies were essentially exhausted by the mid-1860s, and the trade largely ceased. Who acts: mid-1860s. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Vanuatu» with its dependency tree and pragmatic
---

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# Vanuatu, sentence 66

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From Wikipedia, [«Vanuatu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Further sandalwood trees were found on Efate, Espiritu Santo, and Aneityum, prompting a series of boom and busts, though supplies were essentially exhausted by the mid-1860s, and the trade largely ceased.

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**Who acts:** mid-1860s · **What happens:** find, prompt, bust, exhaust, cease · **To what, where:** Further sandalwood trees, Efate, series, supplies, trade

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vanuatu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mid-1860s), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vanuatu:66
# text = Further sandalwood trees were found on Efate, Espiritu Santo, and Aneityum, prompting a series of boom and busts, though supplies were essentially exhausted by the mid-1860s, and the trade largely ceased.
1	Further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	sandalwood	sandalwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Efate	Efate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Espiritu	Espiritu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	Santo	Santo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Aneityum	Aneityum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	prompting	prompt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	boom	boom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	busts	bust	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
24	supplies	supplies	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
26	essentially	essentially	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	mid-1860s	mid-1860	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj:pass	_	_
35	largely	largely	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	ceased	cease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | Further sandalwood trees |  | Efate and Espiritu and Aneityum |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **prompt** | gerund |  | a series of boom |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition series=Patient |
| 3 | **bust** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **exhaust** | past · passive | the mid-1860s | supplies |  |  |  | essentially *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 5 | **cease** | participle · passive |  | the trade |  |  |  | largely *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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