---
title: Because of this, and the poor conditions and abuse often faced by wo… — Vanuatu · tree and pragmatics
description: Because of this, and the poor conditions and abuse often faced by workers, as well the introduction of common diseases to which native Ni-Vanuatu had no immunity, the population of Vanuatu declined severely, with the current population being greatly reduced compared to pre-contact times. Who acts: n
---

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# Vanuatu, sentence 69

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From Wikipedia, [«Vanuatu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Because of this, and the poor conditions and abuse often faced by workers, as well the introduction of common diseases to which native Ni-Vanuatu had no immunity, the population of Vanuatu declined severely, with the current population being greatly reduced compared to pre-contact times.

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**Who acts:** native Ni, immunity · **What happens:** face, have, decline, reduce, compare, introduce · **To what, where:** current population, common diseases

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vanuatu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (native Ni, immunity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vanuatu:69
# text = Because of this, and the poor conditions and abuse often faced by workers, as well the introduction of common diseases to which native Ni-Vanuatu had no immunity, the population of Vanuatu declined severely, with the current population being greatly reduced compared to pre-contact times.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	abuse	abuse	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	faced	face	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	19	cc	_	_
17	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	fixed	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	introduction	introduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	obl	_	_
25	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	Ni	Ni	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Vanuatu	Vanuatu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
30	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	31	det	_	_
31	immunity	immunity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Vanuatu	Vanuatu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	declined	decline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	ccomp	_	_
38	severely	severely	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
44	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	46	aux:pass	_	_
45	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
46	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	43	acl	_	_
47	compared	compare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	46	advcl	_	_
48	to	to	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	pre-contact	pre-contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	compound	_	_
50	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | present |  |  |  |  |  | by workers  the introduction of common diseases; often *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | native Ni and Vanuatu |  |  |  |  | to common diseases | tree rules |
| 3 | **decline** | past | no immunity |  |  |  |  | with the current population; severely *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **reduce** | gerund · passive |  | the current population *not said here* |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP» |
| 5 | **compare** | participle |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **introduce** |  |  | common diseases |  |  |  |  | nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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