---
title: French planters also began arriving, beginning with Ferdinand Chevil… — Vanuatu · tree and pragmatics
description: French planters also began arriving, beginning with Ferdinand Chevillard on Efate in 1880, and later in larger numbers following the creation of the Compagnie Caledonienne des Nouvelles-Hébrides (CCNH) I. 1882 by John Higginson (a fiercely pro-French Irishman), which soon tipped the balance in favou
---

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# Vanuatu, sentence 81

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From Wikipedia, [«Vanuatu»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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French planters also began arriving, beginning with Ferdinand Chevillard on Efate in 1880, and later in larger numbers following the creation of the Compagnie Caledonienne des Nouvelles-Hébrides (CCNH) I. 1882 by John Higginson (a fiercely pro-French Irishman), which soon tipped the balance in favour of French subjects.

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**Who acts:** French planters, larger numbers, Compagnie Caledonienne, John · **What happens:** begin, arrive, follow, de, tip, favour · **To what, where:** Efate, creation, Nouvelles, balance, favour, French subjects

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vanuatu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French planters, larger numbers, Compagnie Caledonienne, John), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vanuatu:81
# text = French planters also began arriving, beginning with Ferdinand Chevillard on Efate in 1880, and later in larger numbers following the creation of the Compagnie Caledonienne des Nouvelles-Hébrides (CCNH) I. 1882 by John Higginson (a fiercely pro-French Irishman), which soon tipped the balance in favour of French subjects.
1	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	planters	planter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	arriving	arrive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Ferdinand	Ferdinand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	Chevillard	Chevillard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Efate	Efate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1880	1880	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	larger	large	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	amod	_	_
20	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	creation	creation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	Compagnie	Compagnie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Caledonienne	Caledonienne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	des	de	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
29	Nouvelles	Nouvelles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Hébrides	Hébrides	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
32	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	CCNH	CCNH	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	_
35	I.	I.	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	29	conj	_	_
36	1882	1882	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	flat	_	_
37	by	by	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
39	Higginson	Higginson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	flat	_	_
40	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
42	fiercely	fiercely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
43	pro-French	pro-french	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	Irishman	Irishman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
47	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	49	nsubj	_	_
48	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	49	advmod	_	_
49	tipped	tip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	acl:relcl	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	_
52	in	in	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	nmod	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	amod	_	_
56	subjects	subject	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | French planters |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **arrive** | gerund | French planters *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **begin** | gerund | French planters *not said here* |  |  | Efate |  | with Ferdinand; in 1880 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with ferdinand=Subeventuality |
| 4 | **follow** | gerund | larger numbers *not said here* | the creation |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent creation=Theme |
| 5 | **de** | present | the Compagnie Caledonienne | Nouvelles and Hébrides |  |  |  | by John | tree rules |
| 6 | **tip** | past | John | the balance |  | favour of French subjects |  | soon *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent balance=Theme in favour=Destination |
| 7 | **favour** |  |  | French subjects |  |  |  |  | nom favour «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vanuatu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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