---
title: The head of the Vatican's Department of Technical Services robustly… — Vatican City · tree and pragmatics
description: The head of the Vatican's Department of Technical Services robustly rejected challenges to the Vatican State's right to build within its borders. Who acts: head. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Vatican City» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Vatican City, sentence 86

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From Wikipedia, [«Vatican City»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The head of the Vatican's Department of Technical Services robustly rejected challenges to the Vatican State's right to build within its borders.

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**Who acts:** head · **What happens:** reject, build · **To what, where:** challenges

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vatican City». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vatican_City:86
# text = The head of the Vatican's Department of Technical Services robustly rejected challenges to the Vatican State's right to build within its borders.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Vatican	Vatican	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	Department	Department	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
11	robustly	robustly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	rejected	reject	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	challenges	challenge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	Vatican	Vatican	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
17	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl	_	_
22	within	within	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reject** | past | the head of the Vatican's Department of Technical Services | challenges |  |  |  | to State's Vatican right; robustly *property* | vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent challenge=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive | the head of the Vatican's Department of Technical Services *not said here* |  |  |  |  | within right's borders | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vatican City», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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