--- title: Vatican City — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 4 description: Wikipedia's «Vatican City», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (Stato della Città del Vaticano; Status Civitatis Vaticanae), often shortened as the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state in So --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/page/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Vatican City # Vatican City · page 4 From Wikipedia, [«Vatican City»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/page/3/) **4** There is a [standard gauge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gauge) [Vatican Railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Railway) and a [Vatican City railway station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City_railway_station), mainly used to transport freight.[264](../../264/ "tree and pragmatics") It is connected to Italy's network at Rome's [Roma San Pietro railway station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_San_Pietro_railway_station) by an 852 m spur, 300 m of which is within Vatican territory.[\[134\]](../../page/4/#ref-134 "note 134")[265](../../265/ "tree and pragmatics") [Pope John XXIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII) was the first pope to use the railway.[266](../../266/ "tree and pragmatics") [Pope John Paul II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II) rarely used it.[\[134\]](../../page/4/#ref-134 "note 134")[267](../../267/ "tree and pragmatics") The closest [metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_Metro) station is [Ottaviano – San Pietro – Musei Vaticani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottaviano_–_San_Pietro_–_Musei_Vaticani).[\[135\]](../../page/4/#ref-135 "note 135")[268](../../268/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Telecommunications and mass media The City is served by an independent, modern telephone system named the [Vatican Telephone Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Telephone_Service).[\[136\]](../../page/4/#ref-136 "note 136")[269](../../269/ "tree and pragmatics") The Vatican controls its own Internet [top-level domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain), which is registered as ([.va](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.va)).[270](../../270/ "tree and pragmatics") Broadband service is widely provided within Vatican City.[271](../../271/ "tree and pragmatics") Vatican City has a radio [ITU prefix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU_prefix), HV, and this is sometimes used by [amateur radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio) operators.[272](../../272/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2015, [Vatican News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_News) [web portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_portal#News_portal), [L'Osservatore Romano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano) daily newspaper, [Vatican Radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Radio) and [Vatican Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Media) (formerly Vatican Television Center) were brought together under the [Dicastery for Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communication), which is now the single point of reference of the [Holy See](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See) for communication.[\[137\]](../../page/4/#ref-137 "note 137")[273](../../273/ "tree and pragmatics") Other institutions managed by the Dicastery for Communication are the [Vatican Printing Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Printing_Press) (founded in 1587), the [Vatican Publishing House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House) (founded in 1926) and the [Vatican Film Archive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Film_Archive).[\[138\]](../../page/4/#ref-138 "note 138")[274](../../274/ "tree and pragmatics") [Vatican Radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Radio), which was organized by [Guglielmo Marconi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi), broadcasts on [short-wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave), [medium-wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_wave) and FM frequencies and on the Internet.[\[139\]](../../page/4/#ref-139 "note 139")[275](../../275/ "tree and pragmatics") Its main transmission antennae are located in Italian territory, and exceed Italian environmental protection levels of emission.[276](../../276/ "tree and pragmatics") For this reason, the Vatican Radio has been [sued](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Radio_lawsuit).[277](../../277/ "tree and pragmatics") Photo, audio and video services are provided through another entity, [Vatican Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Media).[\[140\]](../../page/4/#ref-140 "note 140")[\[138\]](../../page/4/#ref-138 "note 138")[278](../../278/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Postal service A [postal system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail) ([Poste Vaticane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poste_Vaticane)) was created on 13 February 1929.[279](../../279/ "tree and pragmatics") On 1 August, the state started to release its own postal stamps, under the authority of the [Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philatelic_and_Numismatic_Office_of_the_Vatican_City_State).[\[141\]](../../page/4/#ref-141 "note 141")[280](../../280/ "tree and pragmatics") The city's postal service is sometimes said to be "the best in the world",[\[142\]](../../page/4/#ref-142 "note 142") and faster than the postal service in Rome.[\[142\]](../../page/4/#ref-142 "note 142")[281](../../281/ "tree and pragmatics") The [international postal country code prefix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_code#Country_code_prefixes) is SCV.[282](../../282/ "tree and pragmatics") The postal code is 00120 – altogether SCV-00120.[\[143\]](../../page/4/#ref-143 "note 143")[283](../../283/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Healthcare See also: [Vatican Pharmacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Pharmacy), [Bambino Gesù Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambino_Gesù_Hospital) ### Sustainability In 2008, the Vatican began an "ecological island" for renewable waste and has continued the initiative throughout the papacy of [Francis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Francis).[284](../../284/ "tree and pragmatics") These innovations included, for example, the installation of a solar power system on the roof of the [Paul VI Audience Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall).[285](../../285/ "tree and pragmatics") In July 2019, it was announced that Vatican City would ban the use and sale of [single-use plastics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-use_plastic) as soon as its supply was depleted, well before the 2021 deadline established by the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union).[286](../../286/ "tree and pragmatics") It is estimated that 50–55% of Vatican City's municipal solid waste is properly sorted and recycled, with the goal of reaching the EU standard of 70–75%.[\[144\]](../../page/4/#ref-144 "note 144")[287](../../287/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Demographics See also: [Demographics of Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Vatican_City), [Women in Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Vatican_City) as of 2024 Vatican City has a population of 882 residents, regardless of citizenship.[\[15\]](../../page/4/#ref-15 "note 15")[288](../../288/ "tree and pragmatics") There are 372 Vatican citizens residing elsewhere,[\[15\]](../../page/4/#ref-15 "note 15") consisting of diplomats of the Holy See to other countries and cardinals residing in Rome.[\[145\]](../../page/4/#ref-145 "note 145")[289](../../289/ "tree and pragmatics") The population is composed of clergy, other religious members, laypeople serving the state (such as the [Swiss Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Guard)) and their family members.[\[146\]](../../page/4/#ref-146 "note 146")[290](../../290/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2013, there were 13 families of the employees of the Holy See living in Vatican City.[\[147\]](../../page/4/#ref-147 "note 147")[291](../../291/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2019, there were 20 children of the Swiss Guards living at the Vatican.[\[148\]](../../page/4/#ref-148 "note 148")[292](../../292/ "tree and pragmatics") All citizens, residents, and places of worship in the city are [Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church).[293](../../293/ "tree and pragmatics") The city receives thousands of tourists and workers every day.[294](../../294/ "tree and pragmatics") class=nowrap style=line-height:1.5 \| Vatican City population on 31 December 2024[\[15\]](../../page/4/#ref-15 "note 15")[295](../../295/ "tree and pragmatics") - Citizenship; colspan=2; other[296](../../296/ "tree and pragmatics") - Residency; other; colspan=2[297](../../297/ "tree and pragmatics") - Pope; 1[298](../../298/ "tree and pragmatics") - Cardinals; 56; 10[299](../../299/ "tree and pragmatics") - Diplomats; 316[300](../../300/ "tree and pragmatics") - Swiss Guard; 104[301](../../301/ "tree and pragmatics") - Others; 131; 636[302](../../302/ "tree and pragmatics") - Total; colspan=2; 636[303](../../303/ "tree and pragmatics") - 372; 246[304](../../304/ "tree and pragmatics") - colspan=2[305](../../305/ "tree and pragmatics") - colspan=3[306](../../306/ "tree and pragmatics") class=nowrap style=line-height:1.5 \| Vatican City population on 1 March 2011[\[146\]](../../page/4/#ref-146 "note 146")[307](../../307/ "tree and pragmatics") - Sex; all; male; female[308](../../308/ "tree and pragmatics") - Citizenship; colspan=2; other; colspan=2; other; colspan=2; other[309](../../309/ "tree and pragmatics") - Residency; other; colspan=2; other; colspan=2; other; colspan=2[310](../../310/ "tree and pragmatics") - Pope; 1; 1[311](../../311/ "tree and pragmatics") - Cardinals; 43; 30; 43; 30[312](../../312/ "tree and pragmatics") - Diplomats; 306; 306[313](../../313/ "tree and pragmatics") - Swiss Guard; 86; 86[314](../../314/ "tree and pragmatics") - Other religious; 50; 197; 49; 102; 1; 95[315](../../315/ "tree and pragmatics") - Other lay; 56; 24; 25; 3; 31; 21[316](../../316/ "tree and pragmatics") - Total; colspan=2; 221; colspan=2; 105; colspan=2; 116[317](../../317/ "tree and pragmatics") - 349; 223; 349; 191; 32[318](../../318/ "tree and pragmatics") - colspan=2; colspan=2; colspan=2[319](../../319/ "tree and pragmatics") - colspan=3; colspan=3; colspan=3[320](../../320/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Languages Further information: [Languages of Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City) Vatican City has no formally enacted [official language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_language), but, unlike the Holy See which most often uses [Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin) for the authoritative version of its official documents, Vatican City uses only Italian in its legislation and official communications.[\[149\]](../../page/4/#ref-149 "note 149")[321](../../321/ "tree and pragmatics") Italian is the everyday language used by most of those who work in the state.[322](../../322/ "tree and pragmatics") In the Swiss Guard, [Swiss German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_German) is the language used for giving commands.[323](../../323/ "tree and pragmatics") Individual guards take their oath of loyalty in their own languages: German, French, Italian or [Romansh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh_language).[324](../../324/ "tree and pragmatics") The official websites of the Holy See[\[150\]](../../page/4/#ref-150 "note 150") and of Vatican City[\[151\]](../../page/4/#ref-151 "note 151") are primarily in Italian, with versions of their pages in a large number of languages, to varying extents.[325](../../325/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Citizenship Unlike citizenship of other states, which is based either on [jus sanguinis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus_sanguinis) (birth from a citizen, even outside the state's territory) or on [jus soli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus_soli) (birth within the territory of the state), citizenship of Vatican City is granted on jus officii, namely on the grounds of appointment to work in a certain capacity in the service of the Holy See.[326](../../326/ "tree and pragmatics") This includes Cardinals resident either within Vatican City or elsewhere in Rome, diplomats of the Holy See, and any other person resident in Vatican City due to their occupation.[\[152\]](../../page/4/#ref-152 "note 152")[327](../../327/ "tree and pragmatics") It usually ceases upon the cessation of the appointment.[328](../../328/ "tree and pragmatics") Citizenship is extended to the spouse and children of a citizen, provided that they are living together in the city.[\[145\]](../../page/4/#ref-145 "note 145")[329](../../329/ "tree and pragmatics") Some individuals are authorized to reside in the city but do not qualify or choose not to request citizenship.[\[145\]](../../page/4/#ref-145 "note 145")[330](../../330/ "tree and pragmatics") Anyone who loses Vatican citizenship and does not possess other citizenship automatically becomes an [Italian citizen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_citizenship), as provided in the Lateran Treaty.[\[49\]](../../page/4/#ref-49 "note 49")[331](../../331/ "tree and pragmatics") The Holy See, not being a country, issues only [diplomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_passport) and [service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_passport) passports, whereas Vatican City issues [ordinary passports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_and_Holy_See_passports) for its citizens.[332](../../332/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Statistical oddities In statistics comparing countries in [per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita) or per area metrics, Vatican City is often an [outlier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlier) – these stem from the state's small size and ecclesiastical function.[\[153\]](../../page/4/#ref-153 "note 153")[333](../../333/ "tree and pragmatics") For example, as most of the roles which would confer citizenship are reserved for men, the gender ratio of Vatican City citizenship is several men per woman.[\[154\]](../../page/4/#ref-154 "note 154")[334](../../334/ "tree and pragmatics") Further oddities are petty crimes against tourists, resulting in a very high per-capita crime rate,[\[155\]](../../page/4/#ref-155 "note 155") and the city-state leading the world in per-capita wine consumption due to its [sacramental use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church).[\[153\]](../../page/4/#ref-153 "note 153")[335](../../335/ "tree and pragmatics") A jocular illustration of these anomalies is sometimes made by calculating a "popes per km2" statistic, which is greater than two because Vatican City is less than half a square kilometre in area.[\[156\]](../../page/4/#ref-156 "note 156")[336](../../336/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Culture See also: [Music of Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City) ### Cultural heritage See also: [Architecture of Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Vatican_City), [Vatican Museums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Museums) The Vatican City is home to some of the most famous art in the world.[337](../../337/ "tree and pragmatics") [St Peter's Basilica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica), designed by a succession of architects including [Bramante](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramante), [Michelangelo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo), [Giacomo della Porta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta), [Carlo Maderno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Maderno) and [Gian Lorenzo Bernini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini), is a renowned work of [Renaissance architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture).[338](../../338/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Sistine Chapel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel) is famous for its frescos, which include works by [Perugino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugino), [Domenico Ghirlandaio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domenico_Ghirlandaio) and [Sandro Botticelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli), as well as the [ceiling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling) and [Last Judgment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Judgment) by Michelangelo.[339](../../339/ "tree and pragmatics") The interiors of the Vatican were decorated by artists including [Raphael](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael) and [Fra Angelico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra_Angelico).[340](../../340/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Vatican Apostolic Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Library) and the collections of the [Vatican Museums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Museums) are of the highest historical, scientific and cultural importance.[\[157\]](../../page/4/#ref-157 "note 157")[341](../../341/ "tree and pragmatics") Added by [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO) to the List of [World Heritage Sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site) in 1984, the Vatican is the only site to consist of an entire state.[\[158\]](../../page/4/#ref-158 "note 158")[342](../../342/ "tree and pragmatics") It is the only UNESCO site registered as a centre containing monuments in the "International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection" according to the 1954 [Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Cultural_Property_in_the_Event_of_Armed_Conflict).[\[158\]](../../page/4/#ref-158 "note 158")[343](../../343/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Science Following in the footsteps of the [Pontifical Academy of New Lincei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_dei_Lincei) founded by [Pope Pius IX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX) in 1847, [Pope Pius XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI) founded the [Pontifical Academy of Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences) in 1936.[344](../../344/ "tree and pragmatics") Located in the [Casina Pio IV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casina_Pio_IV), it brings together scientists who made contributions to [mathematical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_sciences), [physical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_physical_science) and [natural sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_sciences), and [medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine).[345](../../345/ "tree and pragmatics") It also focuses on [epistemological](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology) issues and the [history of science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science).[346](../../346/ "tree and pragmatics") Among the [academicians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academician), there are or were the [astrophysicist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysicist) [Martin John Rees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_John_Rees), the [mathematician](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematician) [Cédric Villani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cédric_Villani), the [theoretical physicist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_physics) [Edward Witten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Witten), the [Nobel Prize in Chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry) laureates [Jennifer Doudna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna) and [Emmanuelle Charpentier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier), and [Ernest Rutherford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford), the [geneticists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics) [Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Luca_Cavalli-Sforza) and [Francis Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Collins), the [head transplant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_transplant) pioneer [Robert J. White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._White), the [Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) [Alexander Fleming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming).[\[159\]](../../page/4/#ref-159 "note 159")[\[160\]](../../page/4/#ref-160 "note 160")[347](../../347/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Social_Sciences) is another [pontifical academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_academy) of the [Holy See](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See) located in the Vatican City.[\[161\]](../../page/4/#ref-161 "note 161")[348](../../348/ "tree and pragmatics") The seat of the [Pontifical Academy for Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Life), which deals with [bioethics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioethics) and [ethics of technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_technology), is at [San Callisto complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_San_Callisto), a Vatican [extraterritorial property](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See#Outside_Vatican_City_but_inside_Rome).[\[162\]](../../page/4/#ref-162 "note 162")[\[163\]](../../page/4/#ref-163 "note 163")[349](../../349/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Vatican Observatory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Observatory), whose origins date back to the 16th century, continues to contribute to astronomical research, especially through a partnership with the [University of Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Arizona) and the [infrared](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_astronomy) and [optical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible-light_astronomy) [Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Advanced_Technology_Telescope) in [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona), and to astronomical [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education) and "[popular science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_science)" projects.[350](../../350/ "tree and pragmatics") As a member of the [International Astronomical Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union) and the [International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Center_for_Relativistic_Astrophysics), it deals with research on [cosmological models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology), [stellar classification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification), [binary stars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_star), and [nebulae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulae).[351](../../351/ "tree and pragmatics") It has contributed to [philosophical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy) [interdisciplinary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinary) studies at the [Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Theological_Union) in [Berkeley, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_California) and research on the [history of astronomy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_astronomy) thanks to its extensive library, which includes a [meteorite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite) [collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collection_%28museum%29).[\[164\]](../../page/4/#ref-164 "note 164")[352](../../352/ "tree and pragmatics") The first telescopes of the [Vatican Observatory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Observatory) in the [Gardens of Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City) and near [St. Peter's Basilica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica) were among those used to create the [Carte du Ciel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carte_du_Ciel),[\[165\]](../../page/4/#ref-165 "note 165") but they progressively became useless for [research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research) purposes due to [light pollution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pollution) in the 1930s.[353](../../353/ "tree and pragmatics") Consequently, [Pope Pius XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI) moved the observatory to the Vatican [extraterritorial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See#Outside_Rome) [Palace of Castel Gandolfo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Castel_Gandolfo).[\[166\]](../../page/4/#ref-166 "note 166")[354](../../354/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Sport Main article: [Sport in Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Vatican_City) The Vatican City is not a member of the [International Olympic Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee) and does not compete in the [Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games), though it has participated in some international sporting events, including the [World Cycling Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Cycling_Championships),[\[167\]](../../page/4/#ref-167 "note 167") the [Championships of the Small States of Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championships_of_the_Small_States_of_Europe) and the [Mediterranean Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Games).[\[168\]](../../page/4/#ref-168 "note 168")[355](../../355/ "tree and pragmatics") Vatican City has its own athletics association, [Athletica Vaticana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletica_Vaticana).[\[169\]](../../page/4/#ref-169 "note 169")[356](../../356/ "tree and pragmatics") [Football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) in Vatican City is organized by the [Vatican Amateur Sports Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Amateur_Sports_Association), which holds the national championship, called the [Vatican City Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City_Championship), with eight teams, including, for example, the Swiss Guard's [FC Guardia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Guardia) and police and museum guard teams.[\[170\]](../../page/4/#ref-170 "note 170")[357](../../357/ "tree and pragmatics") The association organizes the [Coppa Sergio Valci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppa_Sergio_Valci) and the [Vatican Supercoppa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercoppa_%28Vatican_City%29).[358](../../358/ "tree and pragmatics") It controls the [Vatican City national football team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City_national_football_team), which is neither affiliated with [UEFA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA) nor [FIFA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA).[359](../../359/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [Architecture of Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Vatican_City) [Holy city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_city) [Index of Vatican City-related articles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City-related_articles) [Law of Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City) [Vatican News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_News) [Outline of Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City) [Timeline of fictional stories set in Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_fictional_stories_set_in_Vatican_City) ### Bibliography - Chadwick, Owen (1988). "[360](../../360/ "tree and pragmatics") Britain and the Vatican During the Second World War".[361](../../361/ "tree and pragmatics") Cambridge University Press.[362](../../362/ "tree and pragmatics") - Nichols, Fiona (2006). "[363](../../363/ "tree and pragmatics") [Rome and the Vatican](https://books.google.com/books?id=IK3TvAEACAAJ)".[364](../../364/ "tree and pragmatics") New Holland.[365](../../365/ "tree and pragmatics") - Petacco, Laura (2016). "[366](../../366/ "tree and pragmatics") La Spina: dall'Agro vaticano a via della Conciliazione".[367](../../367/ "tree and pragmatics") Rome.[368](../../368/ "tree and pragmatics") - Liverani, Paolo (2016). "[369](../../369/ "tree and pragmatics") La Spina: dall'Agro vaticano a via della Conciliazione".[370](../../370/ "tree and pragmatics") Rome.[371](../../371/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Further reading Kent, Peter C. (2002). "The Lonely Cold War of Pope Pius XII: The Catholic Church and the Division of Europe, 1943–1950". McGill-Queen's University Press. Martens, Kurt. "[The Position of the Holy See and Vatican City State in International Relations](https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=true&handle=hein.journals/udetmr83&div=46&start_page=729&collection=journals&set_as_cursor=19&men_tab=srchresults)". *[University of Detroit Mercy Law Review](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy_Law_Review)*. Morley, John F. (1980). "[Vatican Diplomacy and the Jews During the Holocaust, 1939–1943](https://archive.org/details/vaticandiplomacy00morl)". Ktav Pub. House. Ricci, Corrado; Begni, Ernesto (2003). "The Vatican: Its History, Its Treasures". Kessinger Publishing. Shaw, Tamsin, "Ethical Espionage" (review of Calder Walton, *Spies: The Epic Intelligence War Between East and West*, Simon and Schuster, 2023, 672 pp.; and [Cécile Fabre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cécile_Fabre), *Spying Through a Glass Darkly: The Ethics of Espionage and Counter-Intelligence*, Oxford University Press, 251 pp., 2024), *[The New York Review of Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books)*, vol. LXXI, no. 2 (8 February 2024), pp. 32, 34–35. "\[I\]n Walton's view, there was scarcely a US [covert action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covert_operation) that was a long-term strategic success, with the possible exception of intervention in the [Soviet–Afghan War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet–Afghan_War) (a disastrous military fiasco for the [Soviets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union)) and perhaps support for the anti-Soviet [Solidarity movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_%28Polish_trade_union%29) in [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland) [corpus](../../../Poland/ "in our corpus")." (p. 34.) ## External links [Official website of the Holy See](https://www.vatican.va/) [Vatican TV Channel](https://www.youtube.com/@VaticanNewsEN) on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube) [Vatican News](https://www.vaticannews.va/en.html) [Inside the Vatican](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Svaxr4erV_Q) on [National Geographic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic) [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube) channel [Vatican Chief of State and Cabinet Members](https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073743/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-h/holy-see-vatican-city.html) [Holy See (Vatican City)](https://web.archive.org/web/20260115003123/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/). *[The World Factbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook)*. [Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency). [Holy See (Vatican City)](https://web.archive.org/web/20080607084938/https://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/holysee.htm) from *UCB Libraries GovPubs [Vatican](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17994868) from [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) [*The Vatican: spirit and art of Christian Rome*](https://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/107497), a [book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book) from [The Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) (fully available on the [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet) as [PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF)) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/page/3/) **4** ## References {#references} 1\. According to paragraph 2 of the *Law on the Sources of Law* of 7 June 1929, all laws and state regulations are published in Italian in the *Supplement for the Laws and Regulations of the State of Vatican City*, attached to the *[Acta Apostolicae Sedis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis)*. The text of the first seven points published in the supplement is provided here: "[ACTA APOSTOLIGAE SEDIS SUPPLEMENTO PER LE LEGGI E DISPOSIZIONI DELLO STATO DELLA CITTÀ DEL VATICANO](http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/FBFEA0E8-B43A-452A-AAA0-1AF49590F658/2615/Supplemento.pdf)". 2\. "[About the Holy See](https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/holy_see-saint-siege/about-a_propos.aspx?lang=eng)". *GAC*. 2022-07-20. 3\. Italian is the official working language of Vatican City. The Holy See's official language is Latin, with French the international diplomatic language.\[2\] 4\. "[Regimini Ecclesiae Universae, I, I, 10](http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_19670815_regimini-ecclesiae-universae_it.html)". 5\. "[Vatican City :: Italy Explained](https://italyexplained.com/italy-cities-regions/vatican-city/#:~:text=The%20Italian%20name%20for%20Vatican,is%20really%20%E2%80%9Cfrom%E2%80%9D%20there)". 6\. "[Legislative and Executive Bodies](http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm)". *[Vatican City State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City_State)*. 7\. Pope John Paul II (26 November 2000). "[Fundamental Law of Vatican City State](http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf)". [Vatican City State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City_State). 8\. All powers delegated by the sovereign\[6\]\[7\] 9\. Ekpo, Anthony (2024). "[The Roman Curia: History, Theology, and Organization](https://books.google.com/books?id=ow4IEQAAQBAJ&dq=%22ratified+on+June+7,+1929%22&pg=PA8)". [Georgetown University Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University_Press). 10\. "[Lateran Treaty](https://www.britannica.com/event/Lateran-Treaty)". *[Encyclopedia Britannica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica)*. 11\. The Lateran Treaty was ratified,\[9\] and took effect, on 7 June 1929.\[10\] 12\. [De Agostini Atlas Calendar](https://books.google.com/books?id=JqlIZ70Jn9gC&q=vaticano) , 1930, p. 99. 13\. [De Agostini Atlas Calendar](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpJXsBX_6uUC&q=vaticano) , 1945–1946, p. 128. 14\. The [De Agostini Atlas Calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It:Calendario_Atlante_De_Agostini) listed the area of Vatican City as 44 ha (0.44 km²) in its 1930 edition\[12\] but corrected it to 49 ha (0.49 km²) in its 1945–1946 edition.\[13\] 15\. "[Population](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html)". Vatican City State. 31 December 2024. 16\. [ITU-T](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T) assigned code 379 to Vatican City. However, Vatican City is included in the Italian telephone numbering plan and uses the Italian country code 39, followed by 06 (for Rome) and 698. 17\. /ˈvætɪkən\_ˈsɪti/ 18\. Sometimes "the Vatican City". 19\. "[Stato della Città del Vaticano](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/)". 20\. "[La Santa Sede](https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/it.html)". *Vatican.va*. 21\. Stato della Città del Vaticano\[19\]\[20\] (ˈstaːto della tʃitˈta ddel vatiˈkaːno) is the name used in [the text](https://web.archive.org/web/20120822001817/https://www.vatican.va/vatican_city_state/legislation/documents/scv_doc_20001126_legge-fondamentale-scv_it.html) of the state's [Fundamental Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution) and in [the state's official website](https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en.html). 22\. The [ecclesiastical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_spelling_and_pronunciation#Ecclesiastical_pronunciation), and therefore official, pronunciation is ˈstatus tʃiviˈtatis vatiˈkane; the [classical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_spelling_and_pronunciation#Classical_pronunciation) one is ˈstatʊs kiːwɪˈtaːtɪs waːtɪˈkaːnae̯. 23\. In the languages used by the [Secretariat of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_%28Holy_See%29) of the [Holy See](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See) (except English, Latin and Italian, as already mentioned above):; *Cité du Vatican*—État de la Cité du Vatican; *Vatikanstadt*, cf. Vatikan—Staat Vatikanstadt (in Austria: Staat der Vatikanstadt); *Miasto Watykańskie*, cf. Watykan—Państwo Watykańskie; *Cidade do Vaticano*—Estado da Cidade do Vaticano; *Ciudad del Vaticano*—Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano. 24\. "[Vatican City](https://www.britannica.com/place/Vatican-City)". *Encyclopedia Britannica*. 25\. "[Vatican country profile](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17994868)". *BBC News*. 17 November 2018. 26\. "[Text of the Lateran Treaty of 1929](https://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/treaty.htm)". 27\. "[Preamble of the Lateran Treaty](https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/dam/vaticanstate/documenti/leggi-e-decreti/Normative-Penali-e-Amministrative/LateranTreaty.pdf)". 28\. "[Europe :: Holy See (Vatican City) — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/)". *www.cia.gov*. 22 September 2021. 29\. "[Holy See (Vatican City)](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/)". *CIA—The World Factbook*. 22 September 2021. 30\. "[Vatican City](https://www.catholic-pages.com/vatican/vatican_city.asp)". Catholic-Pages.com. 31\. "[Catholics increasing worldwide, reaching 1.329 billion](http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Catholics-increasing-worldwide,-reaching-1.329-billion-49663.html)". [AsiaNews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AsiaNews). 26 March 2020. 32\. Richardson, L. (October 1992). "New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome". Johns Hopkins University Press. 33\. "[Apostolic Constitution](https://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/la/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-xii_apc_19451208_vacantis-apostolicae-sedis.html)". 34\. Pope Francis (8 September 2014). "[Letter to John Cardinal Lajolo](https://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/la/letters/2014/documents/papa-francesco_20140908_lettera-card-giovanni-lajolo.html)". The Vatican. 35\. Liverani 2016, p. 21 36\. Petacco 2016, p. 11 37\. "[Damien Martin, "Wine and Drunkenness in Roman Society"](https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/8100/research.pdf?sequence=3)". 38\. Tacitus, *The Histories*, II, 93, translation by Clifford H. Moore (The Loeb Classical Library, first printed 1925) 39\. Lanciani, Rodolfo Amedeo (1892). "[Pagan and Christian Rome](https://books.google.com/books?id=RTwDf850gEYC&pg=PA127)". Macmillan. 40\. "[Vatican City in the Past](https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/stato-e-governo/storia/la-citta-del-vaticano-nel-tempo.html)". 41\. [Pliny the Elder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder), [Natural History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_%28Pliny%29) XVI.76. 42\. "[St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles](https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm#IV)". Catholic Encyclopedia. 43\. *[Travels and Adventures](http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/tafur.html#ch3)* , Chapter 3, [Pero Tafur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pero_Tafur), digitized from [The Broadway Travellers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Broadway_Travellers) series, edited by Sir [E. Denison Ross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Denison_Ross) and [Eileen Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Power), translated and edited with an introduction by [Malcolm Letts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Letts) (New York, London: Harper & brothers 1926) 44\. "[Altar dedicated to Cybele and Attis](https://mv.vatican.va/3_EN/pages/x-Schede/MGEs/MGEs_Sala16_03_040.html)". Vatican Museums. 45\. [Fred S. Kleiner, *Gardner's Art through the Ages* (Cengage Learning 2012](https://books.google.com/books?id=37b9V9IXDsYC&dq=Gardner+%22reputed+grave%22&pg=PA126) ISBN 978-1-13395479-8), p. 126 46\. "[Vatican](https://www.bartleby.com/65/va/Vatican.html)". *Columbia Encyclopedia*. 2001–2005. 47\. Hodges, Richard; Whitehouse, David (1983). "Mohammed, Charlemagne & the Origins of Europe". Cornell University Press. 48\. Wetterau, Bruce (1994). "[World History: A Dictionary of Important People, Places, and Events, from Ancient Times to the Present](https://archive.org/details/worldhistorydict00wett)". Henry Holt & Co.. 49\. "[Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri](https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19290211_patti-lateranensi_it.html#TRATTATO_FRA_LA_SANTA_SEDE_E_L%E2%80%99ITALIA)". *The Holy See*. 50\. "[Rome](https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005446)". Ushmm.org. 51\. Chadwick 1988, p. 222–232. 52\. Chadwick 1988, p. 232–236. 53\. Chadwick 1988, p. 236–244. 54\. Chadwick 1988, p. 244–245. 55\. Chadwick 1988, p. 304. 56\. "[Vatican City Today](https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/History/Vatican_City_today.htm)". Vatican City Government. 57\. Thavis, John (2013). "[The Vatican Diaries: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Power, Personalities and Politics at the Heart of the Catholic Church](https://archive.org/details/vaticandiariesbe0000thav)". Viking. 58\. "[Holy See (Vatican City)](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/)". *The World Factbook*. Central Intelligence Agency. 28 December 2022. 59\. Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 3 60\. "[La città del Vaticano](https://www.inftub.com/geografia/La-citt-del-Vaticano92583.php)" \[The Vatican City\]. *www.inftub.com*. 61\. Lateran Treaty of 1929, Articles 13–16 62\. "[Useful Information](https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/info.html)". *The Holy See*. 63\. "[Vatican City 2022 Past Weather (Vatican City) – Weather Spark](https://weatherspark.com/h/y/71896/2022/Historical-Weather-during-2022-in-Vatican-City)". 64\. "[Vatican footprint wrong-footed](https://www.thegwpf.com/vatican-footprint-wrong-footed/)". *The Global Warming Policy Forum*. 26 May 2010. 65\. "[The Vatican to go carbon neutral](https://www.physorg.com/news103554442.html)". United Press International. 13 July 2007. 66\. [Vatican signs up for a carbon offset forest](https://www.cathnews.com/news/707/76.php), *Catholic News Service*, published 13 July 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2007 67\. [Climate forest makes Vatican the first carbon-neutral state](https://www.wcr.ab.ca/news/2007/0723/carbon072307.shtml), *Western Catholic Reporter*, published 23 July 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2007 68\. ["Carbon offsets: How a Vatican forest failed to reduce global warming"](https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2010/0420/Carbon-offsets-How-a-Vatican-forest-failed-to-reduce-global-warming) . *The Christian Science Monitor* 69\. ["Dangers lurk in offset investments"](https://www.ethicalcorp.com/environment/dangers-lurk-offset-investments), *Ethical Corporation* published 19 September 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2012 70\. "[Going green: Vatican expands mission to saving planet, not just souls](https://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0702971.htm)". *Catholic News Service*. 25 May 2007. 71\. Glatz, Carol (26 November 2008). "[Vatican wins award for creating rooftop solar-power generator](https://salt.claretianpubs.org/sjnews/2008/12/sjn081210a.html)". *Catholic News Service*. 72\. "[Map of Vatican City](https://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/vaticancity-map.htm)". saintpetersbasilica.org. 73\. "[Al Pellegrino Cattolico: *The Vatican Gardens*](https://www.pellegrinocattolico.com/ctv/gardens.htm)". 2008 Al Pellegrino Cattolico s.r.l. Via di Porta Angelica 81\\83 (S.Pietro) I- 00193 Roma, Italy. 74\. "[Official Vatican City State Website: *A Visit to the Vatican Gardens*](https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/Monuments/The_Vatican_Gardens/)". Uffici di Presidenza S.C.V.. 2007. 75\. Juan José Ruda Santolaria (31 March 2016). "[Vatican and the Holy See](https://uniset.ca/microstates2/Vatican_and_the_Holy_See.pdf)". [Oxford Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Bibliography). 76\. "[Unitary States 2026](https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/unitary-states)". *worldpopulationreviews.com*. 77\. Section, United Nations News Service (7 February 2017). "[UN News – FEATURE: Diplomacy of the conscience – The Holy See at the United Nations](https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56121#.WnNenpM-dsM)". *UN News Service Section*. 78\. "[Origini e nature](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/origini-natura.html)" \[Origins and nature\]. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 21 December 2017. 79\. "[Organi dello Stato](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/organi-stato/organi-dello-stato.html)" \[State bodies\]. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 3 July 2018. 80\. "[Vatican City](https://www.catholic-pages.com/vatican/vatican_city.asp)". Catholic-Pages.com. 81\. "[Learning with the Times: 7 Nation Still Under Absolute Monarchy](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Learning-with-the-Times-7-nations-still-under-absolute-monarchy/articleshow/3692953.cms) ", *The Times of India*, published 10 November 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2020. 82\. Visceglia, Maria Antonietta (1 January 2011). "[Royal Courts in Dynastic States and Empires](https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004206236/Bej.9789004206229.i-444_012.xml)". BRILL. 83\. "[Universi Dominici Gregis (February 22, 1996) \| John Paul II](https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_22021996_universi-dominici-gregis.html)". *The Holy See*. 84\. "[Pontificalis Domus](https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/motu_proprio/documents/hf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19680328_pontificalis-domus_lt.html)". 85\. One of the titles of the Pope listed in the *[Annuario Pontificio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio)* is "[Sovereign of Vatican City State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sovereigns_of_the_Vatican_City_State)" (page 23\* in recent editions). 86\. "[In Biden's visit with the pope, a page from Reagan's playbook?](https://theconversation.com/in-bidens-visit-with-the-pope-a-page-from-reagans-playbook-170077)". *www.theconversation.com*. 27 October 2021. 87\. "[Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT](https://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P19.HTM)". 88\. "[Pope Francis appoints an Italian nun as the first woman governor of Vatican City](https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/02/15/woman-governor-vatican-city-249941)". *America Magazine*. 15 February 2025. 89\. "[Pope Leo temporarily confirms Vatican heads in current roles](https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pope-leo-temporarily-confirms-vatican-heads-current-roles-2025-05-09/)". *Reuters*. 9 May 2025. 90\. "[Pope Leo consolidates governance reform for Vatican City Commission - Vatican News](https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-11/pope-leo-xiv-motu-proprio-presidency-vatican-city-commission.html)". *www.vaticannews.va*. 21 November 2025. 91\. "[Segreteria Generale](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/segreteria-generale.html)" \[General Secretariat\]. *vaticanstate.va*. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 25 March 2019. 92\. "[Organi del potere legislativo ed esecutivo](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/organi-stato/organi-potere-legislativo-ed-esecutivo.html)" \[Executive and legislative bodies\]. *vaticanstate.va*. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 93\. "[Consiglio dei Direttori](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/consiglio-dei-direttori.html)" \[Council of Directors\]. *vaticanstate.va*. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 25 March 2019. 94\. Cernuzio, Salvatore (21 November 2025). "[Pope Leo consolidates governance reform for Vatican City Commission](https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-11/pope-leo-xiv-motu-proprio-presidency-vatican-city-commission.html)". *VATICAN NEWS*. Dicasterium pro Communicatione. 95\. "[Uffici centrali](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/uffici-centrali.html)" \[Central offices\]. *vaticanstate.va*. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 25 March 2019. 96\. "[Direzioni](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/direzioni.html)" \[Directorates\]. *vaticanstate.va*. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 11 July 2018. 97\. "[Organismi ausiliari](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/struttura-del-governatorato/organismi-scientifici.html)" \[Subsidiary bodies\]. *vaticanstate.va*. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 26 March 2019. 98\. "[Organi del potere giudiziario](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/organi-stato/organi-potere-giudiziario.html)" \[Judiciary bodies\]. *vaticanstate.va*. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 99\. "[Geografia](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/geografia.html)" \[Geography\]. *vaticanstate.va*. 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"[Population](https://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/it/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html)". Vatican City State. 147\. MrowiÅ„ska, Alina (26 February 2013). "[Behind The Walls: What It's Like To Live Inside The Vatican, For A Woman](https://worldcrunch.com/the-next-pope/behind-the-walls-what-it039s-like-to-live-inside-the-vatican-for-a-woman)". *Worldcrunch*. NET TV – Catholic TV from the Diocese of Brooklyn. 148\. "[Raising Children Within the Vatican: Life of a Swiss Guard Family](https://netny.tv/episodes/currents/raising-children-within-vatican-swiss-guard-family/)". Pew Research Center. 5 August 2019. 149\. Vatican City State appendix to the [Acta Apostolicae Sedis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis) is entirely in Italian. 150\. "[Vatican](http://www.vatican.va/content/vatican.html)". *The Holy See*. 151\. "[Vatican State](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/)". *www.vaticanstate.va*. 152\. Witola, Filip (2024b). 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The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences. 162\. "[Pontifical academies](https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/index.htm)". *vatican.va*. [Dicastery for Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communication). 163\. "[Nuova sede dal Primo marzo 2024](https://www.academyforlife.va/content/pav/it/notizie/2024/nuovo-indirizzo-1-marzo-2024.html)" \[New headquarters from 1 March 2024\]. Pontifical Academy for Life. 164\. "[Specola vaticana](https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/organismi-scientifici/specola-vaticana.html)" \[Vatican Observatory\]. *vaticanstate.va*. Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services. 165\. Blackemore, Erin (6 May 2016). "[These Little-Known Nuns Helped Map the Stars](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-little-known-nuns-helped-map-stars-180959012/)". *[Smithsonian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_%28magazine%29)*. 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"[Promoting solidarity and peace through sports](https://www.osservatoreromano.va/en/news/2023-11/ing-045/promoting-solidarity-and-peace-through-sports.html)". *L'Osservatore Romano*. 10 November 2023. 170\. "[Life in the Guard](https://www.guardiasvizzera.va/content/guardiasvizzera/en/guardia/vita-nella-guardia.html)". *Pontifical Swiss Guard*. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/page/3/) **4** - ← previous: [page 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Vatican_City/page/3/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)