---
title: Each year, roughly 287,600 hectares of forest are permanently destro… — Venezuela · tree and pragmatics
description: Each year, roughly 287,600 hectares of forest are permanently destroyed, and other areas are degraded by mining, oil extraction, and logging. Who acts: mining. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Venezuela» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Venezuela, sentence 289

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From Wikipedia, [«Venezuela»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Each year, roughly 287,600 hectares of forest are permanently destroyed, and other areas are degraded by mining, oil extraction, and logging.

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**Who acts:** mining · **What happens:** destroy, degrade, log · **To what, where:** other areas

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Venezuela». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mining), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Venezuela:289
# text = Each year, roughly 287,600 hectares of forest are permanently destroyed, and other areas are degraded by mining, oil extraction, and logging.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	287,600	287,600	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	hectares	hectare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	degraded	degrade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	parataxis	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	mining	mining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	extraction	extraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | present · passive |  |  |  |  | year | permanently *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP» |
| 2 | **degrade** | present · passive | mining and oil extraction | other areas |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 3 | **log** | gerund | mining and oil extraction *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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