---
title: In 1973, Venezuela voted to nationalize its oil industry outright, e… — Venezuela · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1973, Venezuela voted to nationalize its oil industry outright, effective 1 January 1976, with Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) taking over and presiding over a number of holding companies; in subsequent years, Venezuela built a vast refining and marketing system in the U.S. and Europe. Who acts: V
---

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# Venezuela, sentence 538

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From Wikipedia, [«Venezuela»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1973, Venezuela voted to nationalize its oil industry outright, effective 1 January 1976, with Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) taking over and presiding over a number of holding companies; in subsequent years, Venezuela built a vast refining and marketing system in the U.S. and Europe.

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**Who acts:** Venezuela, Petróleos Venezuela, vast · **What happens:** vote, nationalize, take over, preside, hold, build · **To what, where:** 1973, oil industry, number, vast, U.S.

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Venezuela». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venezuela, Petróleos Venezuela, vast), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Venezuela:538
# text = In 1973, Venezuela voted to nationalize its oil industry outright, effective 1 January 1976, with Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) taking over and presiding over a number of holding companies; in subsequent years, Venezuela built a vast refining and marketing system in the U.S. and Europe.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1973	1973	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Venezuela	Venezuela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	voted	vote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	nationalize	nationalize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	industry	industry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	outright	outright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	effective	effective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	1976	1976	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	Petróleos	Petróleos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
20	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
21	Venezuela	Venezuela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	PDVSA	PDVSA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	_
25	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	ccomp	_	_
26	over	over	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	presiding	preside	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	_
29	over	over	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	amod	_	_
34	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
40	Venezuela	Venezuela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
41	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
42	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	vast	vast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	_
44	refining	refine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	43	acl	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
46	marketing	marketing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	conj	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	U.S.	U.S.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | past | Venezuela |  |  | 1973 |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **nationalize** | to-infinitive | Venezuela *not said here* | country's oil industry |  |  | january |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **take over** | gerund | Petróleos Venezuela |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **preside** | gerund | Petróleos Venezuela *not said here* |  |  | a number of holding companies |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **hold** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **build** | past | Venezuela | a vast |  |  | year |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vast=Product |
| 7 | **refine** | gerund | a vast *not said here* |  |  | the U.S. and Europe |  | marketing system *conj* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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