---
title: English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is sp… — Venezuela · tree and pragmatics
description: English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is spoken by many professionals, academics, and members of the upper and middle classes as a result of the oil exploration by foreign companies, and its acceptance as a lingua franca. Who acts: English, many professionals, foreign compan
---

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# Venezuela, sentence 600

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From Wikipedia, [«Venezuela»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is spoken by many professionals, academics, and members of the upper and middle classes as a result of the oil exploration by foreign companies, and its acceptance as a lingua franca.

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**Who acts:** English, many professionals, foreign companies, company · **What happens:** use, be, speak, result, explore, accept · **To what, where:** used foreign language, demand, oil exploration · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Venezuela». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, many professionals, foreign companies, company), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Venezuela:600
# text = English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is spoken by many professionals, academics, and members of the upper and middle classes as a result of the oil exploration by foreign companies, and its acceptance as a lingua franca.
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	demand	demand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	professionals	professional	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	academics	academic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	middle	middle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
27	classes	class	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	exploration	exploration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
35	by	by	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	acceptance	acceptance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
42	as	as	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	lingua	lingua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	compound	_	_
45	franca	franca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | widely *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | English | the used foreign language and company's acceptance as a lingua franca |  | demand |  | company's acceptance as a lingua franca *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | many professionals and academics and members of the upper classes |  |  |  |  | as a result of the oil exploration by foreign companies | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **result** |  |  | the oil exploration by foreign companies |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **explore** |  | foreign companies |  |  |  |  |  | nom exploration «act transitive»: by=agent |
| 6 | **accept** |  | company |  |  |  |  | as a lingua franca | nom acceptance «cognition transitive»: poss=agent as=obl |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Venezuela», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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