---
title: Joint military exercises and war games have been held with Brunei, C… — Vietnam · tree and pragmatics
description: Joint military exercises and war games have been held with Brunei, China, India, Japan, Laos, Russia, Singapore and the US. Who acts: you. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Vietnam» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Vietnam, sentence 324

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From Wikipedia, [«Vietnam»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Joint military exercises and war games have been held with Brunei, China, India, Japan, Laos, Russia, Singapore and the US.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** joint, hold · **To what, where:** military exercises, war games

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vietnam». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vietnam:324
# text = Joint military exercises and war games have been held with Brunei, China, India, Japan, Laos, Russia, Singapore and the US.
1	Joint	joint	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	military	military	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exercises	exercise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
5	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Brunei	Brunei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Laos	Laos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **joint** | imperative | you *not said here* | military exercises |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present · perfect · passive |  | war games |  |  |  | with Brunei and China and Japan and Laos and Russia and Singapore and the US | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vietnam», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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