---
title: By 2012, the top three telecom operators in Vietnam were Viettel, Vi… — Vietnam · tree and pragmatics
description: By 2012, the top three telecom operators in Vietnam were Viettel, Vinaphone, and MobiFone. Who acts: top three telecom operators. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Vietnam» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Vietnam, sentence 431

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From Wikipedia, [«Vietnam»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By 2012, the top three telecom operators in Vietnam were Viettel, Vinaphone, and MobiFone.

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**Who acts:** top three telecom operators · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Viettel

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vietnam». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (top three telecom operators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vietnam:431
# text = By 2012, the top three telecom operators in Vietnam were Viettel, Vinaphone, and MobiFone.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2012	2012	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	telecom	telecom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	operators	operator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Vietnam	Vietnam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	Viettel	Viettel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Vinaphone	Vinaphone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	MobiFone	MobiFone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the top three telecom operators in Vietnam | Viettel and Vinaphone and MobiFone |  |  |  | Vinaphone *conj*; MobiFone *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vietnam», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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