---
title: In recent years, a number of sign languages have developed in the ma… — Vietnam · tree and pragmatics
description: In recent years, a number of sign languages have developed in the major cities. Who acts: number. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Vietnam» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Vietnam, sentence 494

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From Wikipedia, [«Vietnam»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In recent years, a number of sign languages have developed in the major cities.

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**Who acts:** number · **What happens:** develop · **To what, where:** major cities

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Vietnam». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Vietnam:494
# text = In recent years, a number of sign languages have developed in the major cities.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **develop** | present · perfect | a number of sign languages |  |  | the major cities | year |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Vietnam», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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