--- title: Warsaw — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 5 description: Wikipedia's «Warsaw», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and most populous city of Poland. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Warsaw # Warsaw · page 5 From Wikipedia, [«Warsaw»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/4/) **5** [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/6/) Since May 1661 the first Polish newspaper, the [Polish Ordinary Mercury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkuriusz_Polski_Ordynaryjny), was printed in Warsaw.[393](../../393/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is also the printing capital of Poland with a wide variety of domestic and foreign periodicals expressing diverse views, and domestic newspapers are extremely competitive.[394](../../394/ "tree and pragmatics") [Rzeczpospolita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczpospolita_%28newspaper%29), [Gazeta Wyborcza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta_Wyborcza) and [Dziennik Polska-Europa-Świat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziennik_Polska-Europa-Świat), Poland's large nationwide daily newspapers,[\[170\]](../../page/6/#ref-170 "note 170") have their headquarters in Warsaw.[395](../../395/ "tree and pragmatics") Since World War II, Warsaw has been the most important centre of film production in Poland.[396](../../396/ "tree and pragmatics") Among the movie companies are TOR, Czołówka, Zebra and [Kadr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KADR_%28studio%29) which is behind several international movie productions.[\[171\]](../../page/6/#ref-171 "note 171")[397](../../397/ "tree and pragmatics") The city itself has featured in numerous movies, both Polish and foreign, for example: [Kanał](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanał_%28film%29) and [Korczak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korczak_%28film%29) by [Andrzej Wajda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda) and [The Decalogue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Decalogue_%28film%29) by [Krzysztof Kieślowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzysztof_Kieślowski), also including [Oscar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award) winner [The Pianist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pianist_%282002_film%29) by [Roman Polański](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Polanski).[\[172\]](../../page/6/#ref-172 "note 172")[398](../../398/ "tree and pragmatics") It is also home to the National Film Archive, which, since 1955, has been collecting and preserving Polish film culture.[\[173\]](../../page/6/#ref-173 "note 173")[399](../../399/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Education Main article: [Education in Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Warsaw) | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | {{hidden | headercss = width: 325px; background: \#B5B5B5; | contentcss = | header = Higher education in Warsaw | content =; **Name and year established**; [University of Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Warsaw) (1816); [Warsaw University of Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_University_of_Technology) (1826); [Warsaw School of Economics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_School_of_Economics) (1906); [Warsaw University of Life Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_University_of_Life_Sciences) (1816); [Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_Stefan_Wyszyński_University_in_Warsaw) (1999); [Medical University of Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_University_of_Warsaw) (1809/1950); [Academy of Fine Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts_in_Warsaw) (1844); [National Academy of Dramatic Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Zelwerowicz_National_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art) (1946); [Academy of National Defence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defence_University_in_Warsaw) (1947/1990); [Military University of Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_University_of_Technology_in_Warsaw) (1951); [University of Physical Education in Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Józef_Piłsudski_University_of_Physical_Education_in_Warsaw) (1929); [Fryderyk Chopin University of Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryderyk_Chopin_University_of_Music) (1810); [Kozminski University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozminski_University) (1993); [SWPS University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWPS_University) (1996); }} | Warsaw holds some of the finest institutions of higher education in Poland.[400](../../400/ "tree and pragmatics") It is home to four major universities and over 62 smaller schools of higher education.[\[174\]](../../page/6/#ref-174 "note 174")[401](../../401/ "tree and pragmatics") The overall number of students of all grades of education in Warsaw is almost 500,000 (29.2% of the city population; 2002).[402](../../402/ "tree and pragmatics") The number of university students is over 280,000.[\[175\]](../../page/6/#ref-175 "note 175")[403](../../403/ "tree and pragmatics") Most of the reputable universities are public, but in recent years there has also been an upsurge in the number of private universities.[404](../../404/ "tree and pragmatics") The [University of Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Warsaw) was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic centre, in [Kraków](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraków).[\[176\]](../../page/6/#ref-176 "note 176")[405](../../405/ "tree and pragmatics") The university is the largest in the country, and often regarded as one of the most prestigious, with international recognition in mathematics and science.[\[177\]](../../page/6/#ref-177 "note 177")[\[178\]](../../page/6/#ref-178 "note 178")[\[179\]](../../page/6/#ref-179 "note 179")[406](../../406/ "tree and pragmatics") [Warsaw University of Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_University_of_Technology) is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in [East-Central Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East-Central_Europe).[\[180\]](../../page/6/#ref-180 "note 180")[407](../../407/ "tree and pragmatics") Other institutions for higher education include the [Medical University of Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_University_of_Warsaw), the largest medical school in Poland and one of the most prestigious; the [National Defence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_%28military%29) University, the highest military academic institution in Poland; the [Fryderyk Chopin University of Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryderyk_Chopin_University_of_Music), the oldest and largest music school in Poland and one of the largest in Europe;[\[181\]](../../page/6/#ref-181 "note 181") the [Warsaw School of Economics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_School_of_Economics), the oldest and most renowned economic university in the country;[\[182\]](../../page/6/#ref-182 "note 182") the [Warsaw University of Life Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_University_of_Life_Sciences), the largest agricultural university, founded in 1818;[\[183\]](../../page/6/#ref-183 "note 183") and the [SWPS University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWPS_University), the first private secular university in the country.[408](../../408/ "tree and pragmatics") Warsaw has numerous libraries, many of which contain vast collections of historic documents.[409](../../409/ "tree and pragmatics") The most important library in terms of historic document collections is the [National Library of Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Poland).[410](../../410/ "tree and pragmatics") The library holds 8.2 million volumes in its collection.[\[184\]](../../page/6/#ref-184 "note 184")[411](../../411/ "tree and pragmatics") Formed in 1928,[\[185\]](../../page/6/#ref-185 "note 185") it sees itself as a successor to the [Załuski Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Załuski_Library), the biggest in Poland and one of the first and biggest libraries in the world.[\[185\]](../../page/6/#ref-185 "note 185")[\[186\]](../../page/6/#ref-186 "note 186")[412](../../412/ "tree and pragmatics") Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816,[\[187\]](../../page/6/#ref-187 "note 187") is home to over two million items.[\[188\]](../../page/6/#ref-188 "note 188")[413](../../413/ "tree and pragmatics") The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999.[\[189\]](../../page/6/#ref-189 "note 189")[414](../../414/ "tree and pragmatics") It is surrounded by green.[415](../../415/ "tree and pragmatics") The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002.[416](../../416/ "tree and pragmatics") It is one of the largest roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10000 m², and plants covering 5111 m².[\[190\]](../../page/6/#ref-190 "note 190")[417](../../417/ "tree and pragmatics") As the university garden, it is open to the public every day.[\[190\]](../../page/6/#ref-190 "note 190")[418](../../418/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transport Main article: [Transport in Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Warsaw), [Infrastructure in Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_in_Warsaw) Warsaw is a considerable transport hub linking [Western](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Europe), Central and Eastern Europe.[419](../../419/ "tree and pragmatics") The city has a good [network of buses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_transport_in_Warsaw) and a continuously expanding perpendicular [metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_metro) running north to south and east to west.[420](../../420/ "tree and pragmatics") The [tram system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Warsaw) is one of the biggest in Europe, with a total length of 133 km.[\[191\]](../../page/6/#ref-191 "note 191")[421](../../421/ "tree and pragmatics") As a result of increased foreign investment, economic growth and EU funding, the city has undertaken the construction of new roads, [flyovers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpass) and bridges.[\[192\]](../../page/6/#ref-192 "note 192")[422](../../422/ "tree and pragmatics") The supervising body is the City Roads Authority (ZDM – Zarząd Dróg Miejskich).[423](../../423/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Public transport The first section of the [Warsaw Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Metro) was opened in 1995 initially with a total of 11 stations.[\[193\]](../../page/6/#ref-193 "note 193")[424](../../424/ "tree and pragmatics") As of 2024, it has 39 stations running a distance of approximately 41 km.[\[194\]](../../page/6/#ref-194 "note 194")[425](../../425/ "tree and pragmatics") Public transport also extends to [light rail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_rail) [Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warszawska_Kolej_Dojazdowa) line, urban railway [Szybka Kolej Miejska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_Urban_Railway_%28Warsaw%29), [regional rail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_rail) [Masovian Railways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masovian_Railways),[\[195\]](../../page/6/#ref-195 "note 195") and [bicycle sharing systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system) ([Veturilo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veturilo)).[426](../../426/ "tree and pragmatics") The buses, trams, urban railway and Metro are managed by the [Public Transport Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarząd_Transportu_Miejskiego_w_Warszawie) and are collectively known as Warsaw Public Transport.[427](../../427/ "tree and pragmatics") The table presents statistics on public transport in Warsaw.[\[196\]](../../page/6/#ref-196 "note 196")[\[191\]](../../page/6/#ref-191 "note 191")[428](../../428/ "tree and pragmatics") | System | Stations / Lines / Net length | Annual ridership | Operator / Notes | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Metro) | 39 / 2 / 41 km | 199,974,995 (2023) | [ZTM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Public_Transport_Authority) / Underground rail system | | [Trams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Warsaw) | 538 / 24 / 133 km | 248,903,710 (2023) | [ZTM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Public_Transport_Authority) / Lines marked with one- or two-digit number | | [Bus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_transport_in_Warsaw) | 3227 / 301 / 3024 km | 452,220,927 (2023) | [ZTM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Public_Transport_Authority) / Extensive services in all boroughs / 41 Night lines / Lines marked with three-digit number | | [Fast Urban Railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Urban_Railway_%28Warsaw%29) | 198 / 9 / 116 km | 15,161,224 (2023) | [ZTM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Public_Transport_Authority) / Overground [rapid transit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit) rail system | | [Masovian Railways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masovian_Railways) | 45 stations within the city | 36,018,918 (2023) | [KM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masovian_Railways) / Regional carrier / Within the city limits a common ticket with other means of public transport / Number of passengers using stations located in Warsaw | | [Commuter Railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Commuter_Railway) | 28 / 2 / 33 km | 3,516,550 (2023) | [WKD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Commuter_Railway) / Operates on a separate railway line | ### Roads Warsaw lacks a complete [ring road](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_road) system and most traffic goes directly through the city centre, leading to the eleventh highest level of congestion in Europe.[\[197\]](../../page/6/#ref-197 "note 197")[429](../../429/ "tree and pragmatics") The Warsaw ring road has been planned to consist of four [express roads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressways_of_Poland): [S2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressway_S2_%28Poland%29) (south), [S8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressway_S8_%28Poland%29) (north-west) and [S17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressway_S17_%28Poland%29) (east).[430](../../430/ "tree and pragmatics") S8, S2 and a small 3 km section of S17 are open.[431](../../431/ "tree and pragmatics") Additionally, the S2 and S8 have a [concurrency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_%28road%29) with the [S7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressway_S7_%28Poland%29) and the S2 has a short concurrency with the S8.[432](../../432/ "tree and pragmatics") A second ring road consisting of the [A50 motorway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A50_autostrada_%28Poland%29) (south) and [S50 expressway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressway_S50_%28Poland%29) (north) is also planned but it is unknown when construction will start.[433](../../433/ "tree and pragmatics") The [A2 motorway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A2_autostrada_%28Poland%29) opened in June 2012, stretches west from Warsaw and is a direct motorway connection with Łódź, [Poznań](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poznań) and ultimately with Berlin.[434](../../434/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Aviation The city has three [international airports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_airports): [Warsaw Chopin Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Chopin_Airport), located just 10 km from the city centre, [Warsaw-Radom Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Radom_Airport), located 90 km south of Warsaw, which serves mainly low-cost and charter operations and finally [Warsaw-Modlin Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modlin_Airport), located 35 km to the north, opened in July 2012.[435](../../435/ "tree and pragmatics") [Warsaw Chopin Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Chopin_Airport) is the [busiest airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Poland) in Poland with 21.3 million passengers in 2024 handling approximately 40% of the country's total air passenger traffic.[436](../../436/ "tree and pragmatics") The airport is a central hub for [LOT Polish Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines) as well as a base for [Enter Air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enter_Air) and [Wizz Air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizz_Air).[437](../../437/ "tree and pragmatics") There are 50 air operations performed at the airport per hour.[438](../../438/ "tree and pragmatics") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London) [corpus](../../../London/ "in our corpus"), [Frankfurt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt), [Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris) [corpus](../../../Paris/ "in our corpus"), and [Amsterdam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam) [corpus](../../../Amsterdam/ "in our corpus") are the busiest international connections, while [Kraków](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraków), [Wrocław](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrocław), and [Gdańsk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gdańsk) are the most popular domestic ones.[\[198\]](../../page/6/#ref-198 "note 198")[439](../../439/ "tree and pragmatics") The complex contains 45 passenger gates, 27 of which are equipped with jetways.[440](../../440/ "tree and pragmatics") A rail link has been added to connect the city with the airport in 2012.[441](../../441/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Rail Long distance and intercity trains are operated by [Polish State Railways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_State_Railways) (PKP).[442](../../442/ "tree and pragmatics") There are also some suburban bus lines run by private operators.[\[199\]](../../page/6/#ref-199 "note 199")[443](../../443/ "tree and pragmatics") [Bus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_transport_in_Warsaw) service covers the entire city, with approximately 256 routes totalling above 3000 km, and with some 1,700 vehicles.[444](../../444/ "tree and pragmatics") The main railway station is [Warszawa Centralna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warszawa_Centralna_railway_station) serving both domestic traffic to almost every major city in Poland, and international connections.[445](../../445/ "tree and pragmatics") There are also five other major railway stations and a number of smaller suburban stations.[446](../../446/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Culture ### Music and theatre Thanks to numerous musical venues, including the [Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Theatre,_Warsaw), the [Chamber Opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_opera), the [National Philharmonic Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Philharmonic_Orchestra) and the [National Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Theatre,_Warsaw), as well as the Roma and Buffo music theatres and the [Congress Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_Hall_%28Warsaw%29) in the [Palace of Culture and Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Culture_and_Science,_Warsaw), Warsaw hosts many events and festivals.[447](../../447/ "tree and pragmatics") Among the events worth particular attention are: the [International Frédéric Chopin Piano Competition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Frédéric_Chopin_Piano_Competition), the International Contemporary Music Festival [Warsaw Autumn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Autumn), the Jazz Jamboree, Warsaw Summer Jazz Days, the International [Stanisław Moniuszko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanisław_Moniuszko) Vocal Competition, the Mozart Festival, and the Festival of Old Music.[\[200\]](../../page/6/#ref-200 "note 200")[448](../../448/ "tree and pragmatics") Warsaw is also considered a European hub of underground electronic music, with a large house and techno music scene.[\[201\]](../../page/6/#ref-201 "note 201")[449](../../449/ "tree and pragmatics") Warsaw is home to over 30 major theatres spread throughout the city, including the [National Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Theatre,_Warsaw) (founded in 1765) and the [Grand Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Theatre,_Warsaw) (established 1778).[\[202\]](../../page/6/#ref-202 "note 202")[450](../../450/ "tree and pragmatics") Warsaw also attracts many young and off-stream directors and performers who add to the city's theatrical culture.[451](../../451/ "tree and pragmatics") Their productions may be viewed mostly in smaller theatres and Houses of Culture (Domy Kultury), mostly outside [Śródmieście](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Śródmieście,_Warsaw) (Central Warsaw).[452](../../452/ "tree and pragmatics") Warsaw hosts the International Theatrical Meetings.[453](../../453/ "tree and pragmatics") From 1833 to the outbreak of World War II, Plac Teatralny ([Theatre Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_Square_%28Warsaw%29)) was the country's cultural hub and home to the various theatres.[\[203\]](../../page/6/#ref-203 "note 203")[454](../../454/ "tree and pragmatics") Plac Teatralny and its environs was the venue for numerous parades, celebrations of state holidays, carnival balls and concerts.[455](../../455/ "tree and pragmatics") The main building housed the [Great Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Theatre,_Warsaw) from 1833 to 1834, the Rozmaitości Theatre from 1836 to 1924 and then the National Theatre, the Reduta Theatre from 1919 to 1924, and from 1928 to 1939 – the Nowy Theatre, which staged productions of contemporary poetical drama, including those directed by [Leon Schiller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Schiller).[\[203\]](../../page/6/#ref-203 "note 203")[456](../../456/ "tree and pragmatics") Nearby, in Ogród Saski (the [Saxon Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon_Garden)), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939,[\[204\]](../../page/6/#ref-204 "note 204") and in the [inter-war period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interwar_period), the theatre complex also included Momus, Warsaw's first literary cabaret, and [Leon Schiller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Schiller)'s musical theatre Melodram.[457](../../457/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Wojciech Bogusławski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojciech_Bogusławski) Theatre (1922–26) was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre".[458](../../458/ "tree and pragmatics") From the mid-1930s, the Great Theatre building housed the Upati Institute of Dramatic Arts – the first state-run academy of dramatic art, with an acting department and a stage directing department.[\[203\]](../../page/6/#ref-203 "note 203")[459](../../459/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Museums and art galleries | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | {{hidden | headercss = width: 325px; background: \#B5B5B5; | contentcss = | header = Museums in Warsaw | content =; [National Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_in_Warsaw); [Zachęta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachęta) National Gallery of Art; [Royal Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Castle,_Warsaw); [Warsaw Uprising Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising_Museum); [Copernicus Science Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicus_Science_Centre); [Museum of Evolution of Polish Academy of Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Evolution_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences); [Museum of the Earth of the Polish Academy of Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_the_Earth_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences); [Centre for Contemporary Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujazdów_Castle#Centre_for_Contemporary_Art); [Museum of Modern Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Warsaw); [Museum of the Polish Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Army_Museum); [Fryderyk Chopin Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryderyk_Chopin_Museum); [Museum of Warsaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Warsaw); [Museum of Polish History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Polish_History); [Museum of Independence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Independence); [Museum of the History of the Polish Jews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_the_History_of_the_Polish_Jews); [Museum of Sport and Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Sport_and_Tourism); [Legia Warsaw Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legia_Warsaw_Museum); [Museum of Communism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Communism,_Poland); [Museum of Caricature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Caricature,_Warsaw); [Maria Skłodowska-Curie Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Skłodowska-Curie_Museum); }} | There are over 60 museums and galleries in Warsaw which are accessible to the public.[\[205\]](../../page/6/#ref-205 "note 205")[460](../../460/ "tree and pragmatics") Among the positions are the world's first [Museum of Posters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poster_Museum,_Wilanów) boasting one of the largest collections of art [posters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poster) in the world,[\[206\]](../../page/6/#ref-206 "note 206") and the [Museum of the History of Polish Jews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLIN_Museum_of_the_History_of_Polish_Jews).[461](../../461/ "tree and pragmatics") Among the most prestigious ones are the [National Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_in_Warsaw) with a collection of works whose origin ranges in time from antiquity until the present epoch as well as one of the best collections of paintings in the country including some paintings from Adolf Hitler's private collection,[\[207\]](../../page/6/#ref-207 "note 207") and the [Museum of the Polish Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Army_Museum) whose set portrays the history of arms.[462](../../462/ "tree and pragmatics") The collections of [Łazienki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Łazienki_Palace) and [Wilanów](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilanów_Palace) palaces focus on the paintings of the "old masters", as do those of the Royal Castle which displays the [Lanckoroński Collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Lanckoroński#Lanckoroński_Collection) including two paintings by Rembrandt.[\[208\]](../../page/6/#ref-208 "note 208")[463](../../463/ "tree and pragmatics") The Palace in [Natolin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natolin_Palace_and_Park_Complex), a former rural residence of Duke [Czartoryski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czartoryski_family), is another venue with its interiors and park accessible to tourists.[464](../../464/ "tree and pragmatics") The famous [Copernicus Science Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicus_Science_Centre) is an interactive science museum containing over 450 exhibits, enabling visitors to carry out experiments and discover the laws of science for themselves.[465](../../465/ "tree and pragmatics") Warsaw does not have a natural history museum.[466](../../466/ "tree and pragmatics") Yet, it hosts small museums of [Evolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Evolution_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences) and [the Earth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_the_Earth_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences), which play a similar role.[467](../../467/ "tree and pragmatics") Holding Poland's largest private collection of art, the [Carroll Porczyński Collection Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_John_Paul_II_Collection)[\[209\]](../../page/6/#ref-209 "note 209") displays works from such varied artists as [Paris Bordone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Bordone), [Cornelis van Haarlem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelis_van_Haarlem), [José de Ribera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_de_Ribera), [William-Adolphe Bouguereau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau), [Pierre-Auguste Renoir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir), and [Vincent van Gogh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh)[\[210\]](../../page/6/#ref-210 "note 210") along with some copies of masterpieces of European painting.[468](../../468/ "tree and pragmatics") A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and [history of Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland) can be found in the [Warsaw Uprising Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Rising_Museum) and in the [Katyń Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyń_Museum) which preserves the memory of that crime.[\[211\]](../../page/6/#ref-211 "note 211")[469](../../469/ "tree and pragmatics") The Warsaw Uprising Museum also operates a rare preserved and operating historic stereoscopic theatre, the [Warsaw Fotoplastikon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Fotoplastikon).[470](../../470/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Museum of Independence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Independence) preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence.[471](../../471/ "tree and pragmatics") Dating back to 1936 the [Warsaw Historical Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Warsaw) contains 60 rooms which host a permanent exhibition of the history of Warsaw from its origins until today.[472](../../472/ "tree and pragmatics") The 17th century Royal [Ujazdów Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujazdów_Castle) houses the Centre for Contemporary Art, with some permanent and temporary exhibitions, concerts, shows and creative workshops.[473](../../473/ "tree and pragmatics") The Centre realizes about 500 projects a year.[474](../../474/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Zachęta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachęta) National Gallery of Art, the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw, with a tradition stretching back to the mid-19th century organises exhibitions of [modern art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art) by Polish and [International Artists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Artists) and promotes art in many other ways.[475](../../475/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 2011, [Warsaw Gallery Weekend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Gallery_Weekend) is held on the last weekend of September.[476](../../476/ "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/4/) **5** [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/6/) - ← previous: [page 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/4/) - next →: [page 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Warsaw/page/6/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)