---
title: The Washington metropolitan area, which includes the district and su… — Washington, D.C. · tree and pragmatics
description: The Washington metropolitan area, which includes the district and surrounding suburbs, is the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with an estimated six million residents as of 2016. Who acts: Washington metropolitan area. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Washington, D.C.» with its dependency tree
---

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# Washington, D.C., sentence 201

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From Wikipedia, [«Washington, D.C.»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Washington metropolitan area, which includes the district and surrounding suburbs, is the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with an estimated six million residents as of 2016.

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**Who acts:** Washington metropolitan area · **What happens:** include, surround, be, estimate · **To what, where:** district, suburbs, largest metropolitan area, U.S.

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Washington, D.C.». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Washington metropolitan area), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Washington,_D.C.:201
# text = The Washington metropolitan area, which includes the district and surrounding suburbs, is the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with an estimated six million residents as of 2016.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Washington	Washington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	metropolitan	metropolitan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
12	suburbs	suburb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
16	sixth	sixth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	20	amod	_	_
19	metropolitan	metropolitan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	U.S.	U.S.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
26	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
27	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
28	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	compound	_	_
29	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	_
30	residents	resident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	parataxis	_	_
31	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	33	case	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	fixed	_	_
33	2016	2016	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | the Washington metropolitan area | the district |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent district=Theme |
| 2 | **surround** | gerund | the Washington metropolitan area *not said here* | suburbs |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme suburb=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the Washington metropolitan area | the largest metropolitan area |  | the U.S. |  | a estimated million residents as 2016 *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 4 | **estimate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Washington, D.C.», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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