---
title: The German colonial era ceased after the end of World War I; but Sou… — Windhoek · tree and pragmatics
description: The German colonial era ceased after the end of World War I; but South West Africa, and with it Windhoek, had already fallen in 1915. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Windhoek» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Windhoek, sentence 31

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From Wikipedia, [«Windhoek»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhoek), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The German colonial era ceased after the end of World War I; but South West Africa, and with it Windhoek, had already fallen in 1915.

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**What happens:** cease, fall · **To what, where:** German colonial era, 1915, South West Africa

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Windhoek». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Windhoek:31
# text = The German colonial era ceased after the end of World War I; but South West Africa, and with it Windhoek, had already fallen in 1915.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	era	era	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
5	ceased	cease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
16	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	Windhoek	Windhoek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	already	already	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	1915	1915	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | participle |  | the German colonial era *not said here* |  |  | after the end of World War  I |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **fall** | past · perfect |  |  |  | 1915 |  | with Windhoek  era | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 1915=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Windhoek», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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