---
title: Zambia's support for anti-apartheid movements such as the African Na… — Zambia · tree and pragmatics
description: Zambia's support for anti-apartheid movements such as the African National Congress (ANC) also created security problems as the South African Defence Force struck at dissident targets during external raids. Who acts: support, African Defence Force, Zambia. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Zambia» with its
---

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# Zambia, sentence 156

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From Wikipedia, [«Zambia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Zambia's support for anti-apartheid movements such as the African National Congress (ANC) also created security problems as the South African Defence Force struck at dissident targets during external raids.

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**Who acts:** support, African Defence Force, Zambia · **What happens:** create, strike, support · **To what, where:** security problems

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zambia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (support, African Defence Force, Zambia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Zambia:156
# text = Zambia's support for anti-apartheid movements such as the African National Congress (ANC) also created security problems as the South African Defence Force struck at dissident targets during external raids.
1	Zambia	Zambia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	anti-apartheid	anti-apartheid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	movements	movement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	African	African	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	National	National	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Congress	Congress	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	ANC	ANC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	also	also	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	created	create	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	security	security	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
22	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	African	African	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
24	Defence	Defence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	Force	Force	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	dissident	dissident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	targets	target	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
30	during	during	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	external	external	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	raids	raid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **create** | past | Zambia's support for anti-apartheid movements such the African National Congress | security problems |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Result |
| 2 | **strike** | past | the African Defence Force |  |  |  | during external raids | at dissident targets | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at target=Patient |
| 3 | **support** |  | Zambia |  |  |  |  | for anti-apartheid movements such the African National Congress | nom support «act transitive»: poss=agent for=obl |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Zambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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