---
title: As of an estimate in 2018, 47.9% of the population is affected by mu… — Zambia · tree and pragmatics
description: As of an estimate in 2018, 47.9% of the population is affected by multidimensional poverty. Who acts: multidimensional poverty. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Zambia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Zambia, sentence 16

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From Wikipedia, [«Zambia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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As of an estimate in 2018, 47.9% of the population is affected by multidimensional poverty.

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**Who acts:** multidimensional poverty · **What happens:** affect

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zambia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (multidimensional poverty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Zambia:16
# text = As of an estimate in 2018, 47.9% of the population is affected by multidimensional poverty.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	estimate	estimate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	2018	2018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	47.9	47.9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	multidimensional	multidimensional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | present · passive | multidimensional poverty |  |  |  |  | as a estimate in 2018 | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Zambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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