---
title: These include Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda and Luvale, which… — Zambia · tree and pragmatics
description: These include Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda and Luvale, which featured on the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) local-languages section. Who acts: These, Lozi. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Zambia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Zambia, sentence 273

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From Wikipedia, [«Zambia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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These include Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda and Luvale, which featured on the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) local-languages section.

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**Who acts:** These, Lozi · **What happens:** include, feature · **To what, where:** Lozi, Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zambia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, Lozi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Zambia:273
# text = These include Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda and Luvale, which featured on the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) local-languages section.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Lozi	Lozi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Tumbuka	Tumbuka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Kaonde	Kaonde	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Tonga	Tonga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Lunda	Lunda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Luvale	Luvale	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	featured	feature	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
19	Zambia	Zambia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
20	National	National	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	Broadcasting	Broadcasting	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Corporation	Corporation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	ZNBC	ZNBC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	_
26	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	compound	_	_
29	section	section	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | These | Lozi and Kaonde and Tonga and Lunda and Luvale |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lozi=Theme |
| 2 | **feature** | past | Lozi and Kaonde and Tonga and Lunda and Luvale |  |  | the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Zambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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