---
title: Portuguese has been introduced as a second language into the school… — Zambia · tree and pragmatics
description: Portuguese has been introduced as a second language into the school curriculum due to the presence of a large Portuguese-speaking Angolan community. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Zambia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Zambia, sentence 278

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From Wikipedia, [«Zambia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Portuguese has been introduced as a second language into the school curriculum due to the presence of a large Portuguese-speaking Angolan community.

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**What happens:** introduce, speak · **To what, where:** Portuguese · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zambia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Zambia:278
# text = Portuguese has been introduced as a second language into the school curriculum due to the presence of a large Portuguese-speaking Angolan community.
1	Portuguese	portuguese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
19	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
20	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	amod	_	_
23	Angolan	Angolan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | present · perfect · passive |  | Portuguese |  |  |  | as a second language into the school curriculum due the presence of a large speaking Angolan community | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Zambia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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- ← previous: [sentence 277](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Zambia/277/)
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