---
title: In 1980, Samora Machel told Mugabe that Zimbabwe was the "Jewel of A… — Zimbabwe · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1980, Samora Machel told Mugabe that Zimbabwe was the "Jewel of Africa" but added: "Don't tarnish it!". Who acts: Samora, Zimbabwe. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Zimbabwe» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Zimbabwe, sentence 111

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From Wikipedia, [«Zimbabwe»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1980, Samora Machel told Mugabe that Zimbabwe was the "Jewel of Africa" but added: "Don't tarnish it!".

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**Who acts:** Samora, Zimbabwe · **What happens:** tell, be, add, not tarnish · **To what, where:** Mugabe, 1980, Jewel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zimbabwe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Samora, Zimbabwe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Zimbabwe:111
# text = In 1980, Samora Machel told Mugabe that Zimbabwe was the "Jewel of Africa" but added: "Don't tarnish it!".
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1980	1980	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Samora	Samora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	Machel	Machel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Mugabe	Mugabe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	iobj	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	Zimbabwe	Zimbabwe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Jewel	Jewel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	tarnish	tarnish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Samora |  | Mugabe | 1980 |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mugabe=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | Zimbabwe | the Jewel |  |  |  | of Africa | tree rules |
| 3 | **add** *speech: express* | past | Samora *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **tarnish** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support |  | Jewel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Zimbabwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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