--- title: A 2017 study conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) c… — Zimbabwe · tree and pragmatics description: A 2017 study conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) concluded that due to the deterioration of government and the economy "the government encourages corruption to make up for its inability to fund its own institutions" with widespread and informal police roadblocks to issue fines to t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Zimbabwe/152/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Zimbabwe](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Zimbabwe/) / 152 # Zimbabwe, sentence 152 From Wikipedia, [«Zimbabwe»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. A 2017 study conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) concluded that due to the deterioration of government and the economy "the government encourages corruption to make up for its inability to fund its own institutions" with widespread and informal police roadblocks to issue fines to travellers being one manifestation of this. **Who acts:** 2017 study, government, corruption, issue fines · **What happens:** conduct, conclude, encourage, make up, fund, be · **To what, where:** 2017 study, corruption, own institutions, one manifestation This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zimbabwe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2017 study, government, corruption, issue fines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Zimbabwe:152 # text = A 2017 study conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) concluded that due to the deterioration of government and the economy "the government encourages corruption to make up for its inability to fund its own institutions" with widespread and informal police roadblocks to issue fines to travellers being one manifestation of this. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 2017 2017 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 study study NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 4 conducted conduct VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 Institute Institute PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl:agent _ _ 8 for for ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 Security Security PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 Studies Study PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 11 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ISS ISS PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 13 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 14 concluded conclude VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 16 due due ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 19 case _ _ 17 to to ADP IN _ 16 fixed _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 deterioration deterioration NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 government government NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 economy economy NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 25 " " PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 government government NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 encourages encourage VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ _ 29 corruption corruption NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 xcomp _ _ 32 up up ADP RP _ 31 compound:prt _ _ 33 for for ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 inability inability NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 36 to to PART TO _ 37 mark _ _ 37 fund fund VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 advcl _ _ 38 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 39 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 institutions institution NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 41 " " PUNCT '' _ 37 punct _ _ 42 with with ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 43 widespread widespread ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 amod _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 informal informal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 conj _ _ 46 police police NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 compound _ _ 47 roadblocks roadblock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obl _ _ 48 to to PART TO _ 50 mark _ _ 49 issue issue NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 compound _ _ 50 fines fine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 nsubj _ _ 51 to to ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 travellers traveller NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 nmod _ _ 53 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 55 cop _ _ 54 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 55 nummod _ _ 55 manifestation manifestation NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 acl:relcl _ _ 56 of of ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 55 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 58 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **conduct** | participle | | a 2017 study *not said here* | | | | for Security Studies; the Institute *obl:agent* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **conclude** | past | a 2017 study | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 3 | **encourage** *in a quote* | present | the government | corruption | | | | due the deterioration of government and the economy | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent corruption=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **make up** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | corruption *not said here* | | | | | for corruption's inability | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **fund** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | corruption *not said here* | corruption's own institutions | | | | with widespread police roadblocks | tree rules | | 6 | **is a** | gerund | issue fines to travellers | one manifestation | | | | of this | tree rules | | 7 | **deteriorate** | | government | | | | | | nom deterioration «state intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Zimbabwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 151](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Zimbabwe/151/) - next →: [sentence 153](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Zimbabwe/153/) - ↑ back to [Zimbabwe](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Zimbabwe/)