---
title: Instead it had a formal sector GDP of only US$14 billion, a cost of… — Zimbabwe · tree and pragmatics
description: Instead it had a formal sector GDP of only US$14 billion, a cost of US$38 billion in lost growth. Who acts: rate. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Zimbabwe» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Zimbabwe, sentence 164

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From Wikipedia, [«Zimbabwe»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Instead it had a formal sector GDP of only US$14 billion, a cost of US$38 billion in lost growth.

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**Who acts:** rate · **What happens:** have, lose · **To what, where:** formal sector GDP

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zimbabwe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Zimbabwe:164
# text = Instead it had a formal sector GDP of only US$14 billion, a cost of US$38 billion in lost growth.
1	Instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sector	sector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	GDP	gdp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	$	$	SYM	$	_	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	_
13	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	$	$	SYM	$	_	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	38	38	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	compound	_	_
21	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | rate | a formal sector GDP of US |  |  |  | instead *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Zimbabwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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