---
title: Up to one million Ndebele may have left the country over the last fi… — Zimbabwe · tree and pragmatics
description: Up to one million Ndebele may have left the country over the last five years, mainly for South Africa. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Zimbabwe» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Zimbabwe, sentence 422

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From Wikipedia, [«Zimbabwe»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Up to one million Ndebele may have left the country over the last five years, mainly for South Africa.

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**What happens:** leave · **To what, where:** million Ndebele

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Zimbabwe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Zimbabwe:422
# text = Up to one million Ndebele may have left the country over the last five years, mainly for South Africa.
1	Up	up	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	compound	_	_
4	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	Ndebele	ndebele	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | may · perfect · passive |  | million Ndebele |  |  | year | for South Africa; the country *obj* | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme country=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Zimbabwe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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