--- title: קֳדָם — before · The Biblical Aramaic dictionary description: קֳדָם (lemma:קֳדָם), a word of Biblical Aramaic, used 42 times: before. BDB 1906: prep. before. With 2 verses in Aramaic, word for word and JPS 1917. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5e7_5b3_5d3_5b8_5dd.html) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/) / [Biblical Aramaic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/) / [ק](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/1511.md)‎ / קֳדָם‎ # קֳדָם «קֳדָם» in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary: **before** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers. **Used:** 42 times · **Key:** lemma:קֳדָם · **BDB:** קֳדָם ### Glosses before (41); \[were\].before (1) ### Meaning (OSHB) before [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b3_5d3_5b8_5dd/#m1) ### Meaning (BDB 1906) prep. before [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b3_5d3_5b8_5dd/#m2) **The whole BDB entry:** prep. before (so Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. etc. (Lzb360 f.), 𝔗 קָדָם, Syriac ܩܕܳܡ; proposes a subst. the front, cf. Arabic قُدَّام the front; for √ v. BH קדם);—sf. קֳדָמַי Dn 2:9 +, -מָ֑י v 6; קדמיך Kt, קֳדָמָךְ Qr, †5:23; 6:23; קֳדָמוֹהִי 4:5 + (cf. Nerab קדמוה, Cooke189); 3 fs. קדמיה Kt, קֳדָמַהּ Qr, †7:7, 8, 20; קֳדָמֵיהוֹן †4:4;— before (= Heb. לִפְנֵי), especially in the phrases to answer, pray, say etc., before a superior (as more respectful than to), Dn 2:9 לְמֵאמַר קֳדָמַי, v 10, 11, 27; 6:11 (v. Dr), v 12, 13, 14; קֱרִי ק׳ Ezr 4:18, 23; 5:23(×2); with שְׁפַר to seem fair Dn 3:32; 6:2; after vbs. of motion, in before, Dn 2:24, 25; 3:13; 4:3 +; of time 7:7. מִן־קֳדָם from before (= מִלִּפְנֵי, but as used in late Heb., Est 1:19; 4:8: p. 818a), c. קַבֵּל Dn 2:6, בְּעָא v 18; of a decree, 6:27 מִן־קֳדָמַי שִׂים טְעֵם (‖ מִנִּי 3:29 +), cf 2:15 Ezr 7:14; of God, Dn 5:24 מִן־קֳדָמוֹהִי שְׁלִיחַ פַּסָּא דִּי־יְדָא, 7:10 (so very often in 𝔗, DrSm lxx. f., lxxiii). Also = Heb. מִפְּנֵי, with to fear Dn 5:19; 6:27, be rooted up 7:8 fall v 20. ### Jastrow 1903 קְדַם: Pa. to precede; to do early, be early, first to go before, come to meet to be early to precede, anticipate to get the start of; to prevent to be earlier than, be quick in doing to give preference to [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b3_5d3_5b8_5dd/#m3) **The whole Jastrow entry:** ; Pa. קַדֵּם to precede; to do early, be early, first. Targ. Ps. LXIX, 32 דקַדִּימוּ קרנוי וכ׳ (some ed. דקָדִ׳) whose horns grew prior to its hoofs. Targ. Gen. XIX, 2; a. fr.—Ber. 8ᵃ מְקַדְּמֵי וכ׳; קַדִּימוּ וחשיכו, v. חֲשַׁךְ I. Tam. 27ᵇ וקַדֵּים וכ׳, v. הֲשַׁךְ I; a. e. to go before, come to meet. Targ. Ps. LXXXVIII, 14. Ib. LXXIX, 8 יקדמון לן Ms. (ed. לך, corr. acc.); a. fr. to be early. Targ. Gen. XXVI, 31. Targ. I Sam. XVII, 16; a. fr. to precede, anticipate. Targ. Job XLI, 3; a. e. to get the start of; to prevent. Targ. Ps. XVII, 13; a. e.—3) to be earlier than, be quick in doing. Ib. CXIX, 147, sq.; a. fr.—Sabb. 119ᵃ אי רגיליתו לאַקְדּוּמֵי … אַקְדִּימוּ if you are accustomed to take an early meal, make it later (on the Sabbath), and if you are used to dine late, dine earlier. Ib. 151ᵇ when a poor man comes, אַקְדִּים … דליקַדְּמוּ וכ׳ be quick in giving him bread, in order that people may be ready to do so to thy children. to give preference to. Y. Snh. I, 18ᶜ bot. אַקִדְּמוּן ליה … בעיבור they preferred a certain old man to him at the session for intercalation; Y. R. Hash. II, 58ᵇ top; a. e. Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech not compared, 31 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech not compared, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: same consonants, part of speech not compared, 0 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses (11 candidates) ### Trees and pragmatics [Every English meaning of «קֳדָם» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b3_5d3_5b8_5dd/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames. ### In the verses [Ezra 4:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.18/) נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֕א דִּ֥י שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן עֲלֶ֑ינָא מְפָרַ֥שׁ קֱרִ֖י קָדָמָֽי׃ *Word for word:* the letter which you.sent to us \[was\].made.distinct it.was.read.aloud before me *JPS 1917:* the letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me. [Daniel 2:36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.36/) דְּנָ֣ה חֶלְמָ֔א וּפִשְׁרֵ֖הּ נֵאמַ֥ר קֳדָם־מַלְכָּֽא׃ *Word for word:* this \[was\].the dream and interpretation its we.will.tell before the king *JPS 1917:* This is the dream; and we will tell the interpretation thereof before the king. - ← previous: [קַדִּישׁ](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5e7_5b7_5d3_5b4_5bc_5d9_5e9_5c1.md) - next →: [קַדְמָה](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5e7_5b7_5d3_5b0_5de_5b8_5d4.md) - ↑ back to [ק](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/1511.md)