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# without

«without» in Mova's early modern english dictionary: **outside; beyond** — its meaning for a pupil, its sense in the lessons and examples, with 5 sentences of Mova's corpora that use it.

### kind

archaic sense

### modern equivalent

outside; beyond

### part of speech

preposition

### meaning for a pupil

Outside of; not inside a place (as in "without the city"). [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/#m1)

### how it differs from today

Today "without" means "lacking" or "not having". The first sentence uses the old sense of "outside", while the other two use today's sense of lacking.

### examples

- And they brought him forth, and set him without the city. (Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/#x1)
- "What runs without feet?" says he. (More English Fairy Tales) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/#x2)
- 21) The combination of the twenty-two letters without permutation is represented in the following table: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/#x3)

### primary record

outside

### tests

manual 10.1; corpora 2038 (Torah 93, tales 1934, Sefer Yetzirah 11); EWT 67; ratio 1.7 (Torah alone 1.6); Wiktionary archaic (first sense)

### In the corpora

- [And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.239/)
- [And they brought him forth, and set him without the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.495/)
- [And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out for nothing, without money.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.590/)
- [And he overlaid it with pure gold within and without, and made a crown of gold to it round about.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.1124/)
- [And he put the table in the tent of meeting, upon the side of the tabernacle northward, without the veil.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.1249/)

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every meaning and example of «without» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.