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# ed

«ed» in Mova's judaism dictionary: **short for education: «PE» is physical education, «sex ed»…** — its meaning for a pupil, its sense in the lessons and examples, with 3 sentences of Mova's corpora that use it.

### part of speech

noun (abbreviation: Ed., ed., eds.); also a name (Ed); verb ending -ed

### meaning for a pupil

1) «Ed» is short for education: «PE» is physical education, «sex ed» means sex education, «special ed» special education (informal, US). [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#m1)

2) «Ed.» or «ed.» is short for editor or edition in books: «3rd ed.», «ed. by». [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#m2)

3) Ed is a boy's name, short for Edward, Edmund or Edwin (a name). [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#m3)

4) «-ed» is the ending added to regular verbs to make the past tense: play → played. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#m4)

### sense in the lessons

Interpretation: In the Tanakh "Ed" is not a word on its own; it appears only inside the place name Migdal-eder ("tower of the flock"). Micah uses it for the hill of Zion, which the tradition reads as the place where God's kingdom will be restored. In the primary lessons: In school life «Ed» appears in phrases like «driver's ed» and «phys ed» (US, informal). In books and references, «ed.» tells you who edited a book or which edition it is. In grammar lessons, «-ed» marks the past: walked, jumped, wanted; it can sound like /t/ (jumped), /d/ (played) or /id/ (wanted). Phrases: «phys ed», «sex ed», «adult ed», «2nd ed.».

### examples

- And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond Migdal-eder. (Torah GEN.35.21, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x1)
- ") See -Alphabet of Ben Sira", ed. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914)) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x2)
- "When Abraham our father arose, he looked nnd saw and investigated and observed and engraved and hewed and combin- ed and formed and calculated, and his creation was successful. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914)) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x3)
- And thou, Migdal-eder, the hill of the daughter of Zion, unto thee shall it come; yea, the former dominion shall come, the kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem. (Prophets MIC.4.8, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x4)
- We have phys ed on Fridays. (US, informal) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x5)
- The book's second ed. has new pictures. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x6)
- Ed. by means the person who edited the book. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x7)
- My uncle Ed is a firefighter. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x8)
- Add «-ed» to make the past tense: jump → jumped. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x9)
- Older students take driver's ed before they drive. (US) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/#x10)

### note

As an abbreviation it is informal or used in references; write «education», «editor», «edition» in full in essays. Capital E for the name. Trap: not all verbs take «-ed»: go → went, see → saw (irregular verbs).

### In the corpora

- [Many very common verbs ignore -ed altogether: swim, swam; run, ran; go, went; catch, caught.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/14/)
- [Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cried, tried) but stays before -ing (crying, trying).](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/23/)
- [Irregular verbs do not add -ed: swim/swam, run/ran, go/went, catch/caught.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/25/)

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every meaning and example of «ed» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/ed/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.