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# presume

«presume» in Mova's judaism dictionary: **true without being sure, because it seems likely** — its meaning for a pupil, its sense in the lessons and examples.

### part of speech

verb (presume, presumes, presumed, presuming)

### meaning for a pupil

1) To think something is true without being sure, because it seems likely. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#m1)

2) (law) To treat something as true until it is proved wrong: «innocent until proved guilty». [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#m2)

3) (formal) To be bold or rude enough to do something you have no right to do: «Don't presume to tell me what to do.» [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#m3)

4) presume on/upon To take unfair advantage of someone's kindness. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#m4)

### sense in the lessons

In the Tanakh and Jewish tradition: To act boldly without permission. Here some Israelites went up to fight against God's command. In Esther, King Ahasuerus asks who dared to presume in his heart to do such a wicked thing. Interpretation: The rabbis see this as the lesson that acting without God's word, even for a good goal, fails. In Esther the word marks Haman's bold plot against the Jews. In the primary lessons: In stories and talk: «I presume you've done your homework.» Famous line: «Dr Livingstone, I presume?» In law a person is «presumed innocent». In science, a guess you treat as true until tested is close to an assumption. Phrases: «I presume», «presumed dead», «presumed innocent».

### examples

- But they presumed to go up to the top of the mountain; nevertheless the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and Moses, departed not out of the camp. (Torah NUM.14.44, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x1)
- Then spoke the king Ahasuerus and said unto Esther the queen: 'Who is he, and where is he, that durst presume in his heart to do so?' (Writings EST.7.5, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x2)
- I presume you're hungry after the long walk. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x3)
- The sailors were presumed lost at sea, but they came home. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x4)
- In court, everyone is presumed innocent until proved guilty. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x5)
- Don't presume to boss me around! [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x6)
- We presumed the shop was open, but it was shut. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x7)
- "You're the new girl, I presume?" said the teacher. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x8)
- She never presumed on her friends' kindness. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x9)
- We presume this from the interest, which came to twenty dollars. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/#x10)

### note

Regular verb: presumed, presuming. Noun «presumption», adjective «presumptuous» (too bold). Close to «assume»; «presume» suggests more reason to believe it. In maths word problems, do not presume facts that are not given.

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every meaning and example of «presume» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/presume/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.