[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/rough.html) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/) / [The Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/) / rough [← R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/R/) # rough «rough» in Mova's judaism dictionary: **bumpy or uneven when you touch it** — its meaning for a pupil, its sense in the lessons and examples, with 5 sentences of Mova's corpora that use it. ### part of speech adjective (rough, rougher, roughest); adverb (rough — informal); noun (the rough); verb (rough it, rough out) ### meaning for a pupil 1) Rough means not smooth; a rough surface is bumpy or uneven when you touch it. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#m1) 2) Rough means not gentle; using too much force. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#m2) 3) Rough means not exact or not finished, like a rough guess or a rough drawing. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#m3) 4) Rough weather or sea is stormy, with big waves and wind. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#m4) 5) Rough means difficult or unpleasant, like a rough day. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#m5) 6) Feeling rough (UK) means feeling ill. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#m6) 7) To rough it is to live without comforts, as when camping. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#m7) 8) Rough can also mean not polished or refined, lacking fine manners or style. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#m8) ### sense in the lessons In the Tanakh and Jewish tradition: A rough valley is a wild place with a running stream, never plowed or sown, where the heifer's neck is broken to atone for an unsolved killing. Interpretation: Tradition says the elders there declare their hands did not shed the blood, and the ritual teaches that a community is responsible for those on its roads. In the primary lessons: In science, rough surfaces make more friction than smooth ones (sandpaper, tyre treads), so things slide less. In maths, a rough estimate or rough answer is an approximate one, often found by rounding. In writing, a «rough draft» is the first try before the final copy. In safety, rough seas mean stay out of the water, and rough play can hurt people. Phrases: «rough and tumble», «rough estimate», «rough copy», «rough draft», «rough sea», «sleep rough» (sleep outdoors without a home). ### examples - And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley. (Torah DEU.21.4, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x1) - And the rough he-goat is the king of Greece; and the great horn that is between his eyes is the first king. (Writings DAN.8.21, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x2) - In full measure, when Thou sendest her away, Thou dost contend with her; He hath removed her with His rough blast in the day of the east wind. (Prophets ISA.27.8, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x3) - Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the rugged shall be made level, and the rough places a plain; (Prophets ISA.40.4, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x4) - The bark of the tree feels rough. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x5) - Sandpaper is rough, but glass is smooth. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x6) - Don't be rough with the puppy. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x7) - Make a rough estimate before you calculate. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x8) - Write a rough draft first, then check it. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x9) - The sea was too rough for swimming. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x10) - I've had a rough day. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x11) - Rough surfaces create more friction. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x12) - "It was a little rough--it wanted elegance." [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/#x13) ### note The «gh» sounds like «f»: «ruff». Comparative rougher, superlative roughest; adverb roughly («roughly 50» = about 50). Opposite: smooth (surface), gentle (behaviour), exact (number), calm (sea). In maths, «roughly» or «rough» means approximately. ### In the corpora - [A rough patch is a hard time in a relationship, with more arguing or unhappiness, and many couples come through it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/14-grown-ups-who-argue-and-make-up/10/) - [A demo is a rough first recording made to show the idea of a song; it does not need to sound perfect.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/7-how-a-song-is-made-writing-recording-producing/13/) - [A cow wraps its long rough tongue round grass because it has no top front teeth, only a hard pad.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/96-the-petting-farm-goats-sheep-pigs-rabbits-and-washing-hands/12/) - [There are real reports of dolphins staying near swimmers in danger, but dolphins are wild animals with big teeth and can be rough.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/11/) - [After supper there is a heavy knock: Badger, muddy and rough from nights outdoors.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/67-willows-ch11-part3-badger-and-mole-come-home/4/) ### Trees and pragmatics [Every meaning and example of «rough» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/rough/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.