---
title: גַּלְמוּד — hard · The Tanakh dictionary
description: גַּלְמוּד (1565), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 4 times: hard. BDB 1906: adj. hard, barren. With 2 verses in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917.
---

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# גַּלְמוּד

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«גַּלְמוּד» in the Tanakh dictionary: **hard** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers.

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**Used:** 4 times · **Key:** 1565 · **BDB:** גַּלְמוּד

### Glosses

barren (3); \[is\].barren (1)

### Meaning (OSHB)

hard [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1490/1565/#m1)

### Meaning (BDB 1906)

adj. hard, barren [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1490/1565/#m2)

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**The whole BDB entry:** adj. hard, barren (NH id. lonely NHWB; Arabic جَلْمَدٌ rock, جَلْمَدَةٌ stony (of land); Aramaic גַּלְמוּדָה cf. BaNB 208)—ג׳ Jb 3:7 + 2 times Jb; f. גַּלְמוּדָה Is 49:21;—hard, barren, unproductive, mostly fig.: Jb 15:34 of company of wicked men, where prob. a subst. v. De Di; Jb 30:3 through want and famine (they are) stiff (lifeless; RV gaunt); of exiled Zion as bereaved and barren woman Is 49:21; so of night of Job’s birth Jb 3:7.

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Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 4 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (1 candidates)

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every English meaning of «גַּלְמוּד» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1490/1565/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.

### In the verses

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[Job 15:34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.15.34/)

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כִּֽי־עֲדַ֣ת חָנֵ֣ף גַּלְמ֑וּד וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ אָכְלָ֥ה אָֽהֳלֵי־שֹֽׁחַד׃

*Word for word:* (dm) a.company of.\[the\].godless \[is\].barren and fire it.consumes \[the\].tents of.a.bribe

*JPS 1917:* For the company of the godless shall be desolate, and fire shall consume the tents of bribery.

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[Job 3:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.3.7/)

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הִנֵּ֤ה הַלַּ֣יְלָה הַ֭הוּא יְהִ֣י גַלְמ֑וּד אַל־תָּבֹ֖א רְנָנָ֣ה בֽוֹ׃

*Word for word:* there! the night (the) that let.it.be barren not let.it.come a.cry.of.joy in it

*JPS 1917:* Lo, let that night be desolate; let no joyful voice come therein.

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