--- title: הָפַךְ — turn · The Tanakh dictionary description: הָפַךְ (2015), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 94 times: turn. BDB 1906: vb. Qal. With 2 verses in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/2015.html) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/) / [ה](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/1492-2.md)‎ / הָפַךְ‎ # הָפַךְ «הָפַךְ» in the Tanakh dictionary: **turn** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers. **Used:** 94 times · **Key:** 2015 · **BDB:** הָפַךְ ### Glosses he.turned (11); it.has.turned (7); it.was.changed (5) ### Meaning (OSHB) turn [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1492/2015/#m1) ### Meaning (BDB 1906) vb. Qal [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1492/2015/#m2) **The whole BDB entry:** vb. turn, overturn (NH id., Aramaic הֲפַךְ, ܗܦܰܟ, Arabic أَفَكَ WSG 47, Assyrian abâku, apâku DlW)— Pf. Lv 13:3 + 13 times; וְהָפַךְ consec. 2 K 21:13 Jb 34:25; 3 mpl. הָֽפְכוּ ψ 78:9; הֲפַכְתֶּם Am 6:12 Je 23:36, etc.; Impf. יַהֲפֹךְ La 3:3 Je 13:23; וַיַּהֲפֹךְ Gn 19:25 + 6 times; וַיַּהֲפָךְ־ 1 S 10:9; sf. וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ Ju 7:13; 3 fs. וַתַּהֲפֹךְ 2 Ch 9:12; אֶהְפֹּךְ Zp 3:9; וַיַּהַפְכוּ 1 S 25:12 Jb 12:15; Imv. הֲפֹךְ 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, Inf. abs. הָפוֹךְ Pr 12:7; cstr. הֲפֹךְ Gn 19:29 1 Ch 19:3; sf. הָפְכִּי Gn 19:21; הָפְכָהּ 2 S 10:3;—on הַפְכְּכֶם (so Baer, q.v.) Is 29:16, v. הֶפֶךְ; Pt. act. הֹפֵךְ Am 5:8; הַהֹפְכִי ψ 114:8; pl. הַהֹפְכִים Am 5:7; pass. הֲפוּכָה Ho 7:8 La 4:6.— trans. turn, turn about, turn over, c. acc.: e.g. turn the back (עֹרֶף) Jos 7:8 (JE); a dish עַל־פָּנֶיהָ (צַלַּחַת) 2 K 21:13; the hand, \& so the horses of a chariot 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, 2 K 9:23; but also (sq. בְּ) of hostility La 3:3; turn a cake (pass.) Ho 7:8; of י׳, ה׳ שָׂפָה בְּרוּרָה Zp 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, sq. אֶל־עַמִּים; לֵב אַחֵר 1 S 10:9 another heart, sq. לוֹ; turn a wind (רוּחַ; i.e. bring from different quarter) Ex 10:19 (J). overturn, overthrow, sq. acc. Sodom, etc., Gn 19:21, 25, 29 (J), Dt 29:22 Je 20:16 La 4:6 (cf. מַהְפֵּכַת וגו׳ Am 4:11 v. infr.; also הֲפֵכָה, \[מַהְפֵּכָה\]); city of Ammon 2 S 10:3 = 1 Ch 19:3 (obj. om.); mountains Jb 9:5; 28:9; throne Hg 2:22 (‖ הִשְׁמִיד), chariots v 22; tent (אֹהֶל), ה׳ לְמַ֫עְלָה Ju 7:13; obj. earth (ה׳ = devastate) Jb 12:15; wicked men Am 4:11 (הָפַכְתִּי בָּכֶם כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת־סְדֹם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָה) Pr 12:7 Jb 34:25 (obj. om.). turn = change, transform (1) sq. acc. = alter; a colour (עֵינוֹ) Lv 13:55 (P); skin Je 13:23; bed (מִשְׁכָּבוֹ v. מ׳; Che his lying down) ψ 41:4 i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert דִּבְרֵי אֱלֹהִים Je 23:36; (3) sq. acc. c. Inf. ψ 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to, into, sq. two acc. Lv 13:10 ψ 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually sq. acc. + לְ, ψ 66:6 sea into dry land, ψ 78:44 rivers into blood, cf. 105:29; Je 31:13 mourning into joy, so ψ 30:12; Am 5:7 justice into wormwood, cf. 6:12; 8:10 feasts into mourning; Dt 23:6 = Ne 13:2 curse into blessing; Am 5:8 death-shade into morning. intrans. turn, turn back, Ju 20:39, 41 2 K 5:26 ψ 78:9 2 Ch 9:12; sq. לדרך 1 S 25:12; turn = change, change into, sq. pred. adj. ה׳ לָבָן turn white Lv 13:3, 4, 13, 20 (all P). Pf. נֶהְפַּךְ Ex 7:15 + 10 times; נֶהְפָּ֑ךְ Jb 20:14; וְנֶהְפַּךְ consec. Lv 13:16; נֶהֶפְכָה La 5:2; 3 mpl. נֶהְפְּכוּ Jb 19:19 + 3 times, נֶהֶפְכוּ 1 S 4:19 Dn 10:16, וְנֶהֶפְכוּ consec. Ex 7:17 Is 34:9, etc.; Impf. יֵהָפֵךְ Is 60:5 Jo 3:4; וַיֵּהָפֵךְ Ex 14:5 Is 63:10; 2 ms. תֵּהָפֵךְ Jb 30:21 Ez 4:8; וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּ Ex 7:20; Inf. abs. נַהֲפוֹךְ Est 9:1; Pt. נֶהְפָּךְ Pr 17:20; נֶהְפָּ֑כֶת Jon 3:4;— reflex. \& intrans. turn oneself, turn, turn back (cf. Qal 2 a) Jos 8:20 (JE); turn aside ψ 78:57; turn from side to side Ez 4:8; pains turned upon (עַל) her 1 S 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) cf. Dn 10:16; turn against sq. בְּ Jb 19:19; turn to(ward), sq. עַל, Is 60:5 (‖ בא לְ). turn = change (oneself) sq. pred. adj. Lv 13:25 (P); sq. pred. noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant Je 2:21; no pred. expressed Jb 20:14 (cf. v b); of heart turned in compassion Ho 11:8 (‖ נִכְמְרוּ נִחוּמָ֑י), in sorrow, distress, La 1:20; of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward (sq. אֶל) Ex 14:5 (J) = change of mind; sq. לְ, of plague spots changing colour Lv 13:16, 17 (P); rod changing to serpent Ex 7:15 (P); faces to paleness Je 30:6; dance to mourning La 5:15; comeliness to corruption Dn 10:8; וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֹיֵב Is 63:10 Jb 30:21. be perverse, only pt. used subst. נֶהְפָּךְ בִּלְשׁוֹנוֹ Pr 17:20 he that is perverse with his tongue. pass., be turned, turned over to sq. לְ, an inheritance to strangers La 5:2. be reversed Est 9:1. be turned, changed, sq. לְ, waters into blood Ex 7:17, 20 (E); Saul into another man 1 S 10:6; streams into pitch Is 34:9; sun to darkness Jo 3:4; stones to chaff Jb 41:20; month changed from sorrow to gladness Est 9:22; cf. ψ 32:4 where complem. om. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh Jon 3:4. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners Jb 28:5 = there is an upturning. Impf. 3 fs. תִּתְהַפֵּךְ Jb 38:14; Pt. מִתְהַפֵּךְ Ju 7:13 Jb 37:12; מִתְהַפֶּכֶת Gn 3:24;—reflex. \& intrans.: turn this way \& that, every way, of the flaming sword Gn 3:24 (J); storm-cloud Jb 37:12; turn over \& over Ju 7:13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian. transform oneself, Jb 38:14 of earth under rising dawn. Pf. הָהְפַּךְ עָלַי בַּלָּהוֹת Jb 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors (cf. הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ v 14, of foes). Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 92 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (2 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (3 candidates) ### Trees and pragmatics [Every English meaning of «הָפַךְ» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1492/2015/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames. ### In the verses [Job 38:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.38.14/) תִּ֭תְהַפֵּךְ כְּחֹ֣מֶר חוֹתָ֑ם וְ֝יִֽתְיַצְּב֗וּ כְּמ֣וֹ לְבֽוּשׁ׃ *Word for word:* it.is.changed like.\[the\] clay of.a.seal and they.stand.forth like clothing *JPS 1917:* It is changed as clay under the seal; and they stand as a garment. [Psalms 78:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.9/) בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם נוֹשְׁקֵ֥י רוֹמֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת הָ֝פְכ֗וּ בְּי֣וֹם קְרָֽב׃ *Word for word:* the.people of.Ephraim \[were\].equipped of.shooters of.a.bow they.turned.back on.\[the\] day of.battle *JPS 1917:* The children of Ephraim were as archers handling the bow, that turned back in the day of battle. - ← previous: [הֲפֻגָה](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/2014.md) - next →: [הֶפֶךְ](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/2016.md) - ↑ back to [ה](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/1492-2.md)