---
title: חָנֵף — be polluted · The Tanakh dictionary
description: חָנֵף (2610), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 11 times: be polluted. BDB 1906: vb. be polluted, profane. With 2 verses in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917.
---

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# חָנֵף

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«חָנֵף» in the Tanakh dictionary: **be polluted** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers.

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**Used:** 11 times · **Key:** 2610 · **BDB:** חָנֵף

### Glosses

it.was.polluted (2); completely.(be.polluted) (1); he.will.pollute (1)

### Meaning (OSHB)

be polluted [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2610/#m1)

### Meaning (BDB 1906)

vb. be polluted, profane [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2610/#m2)

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**The whole BDB entry:** vb. be polluted, profane (Arabic حَنَفَ incline, decline, hence حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, but in Heb. of inclining away from right, irreligion, profaneness, cf. حَنِفَ have a حَنَفٌ i.e. distortion of foot; Syriac in deriv. be profane, etc.; NH Hiph., Aramaic Aph. act falsely toward, flatter, חֲנוּכָּה hypocrisy; Assyrian ḫanpu, ruthlessness; ḫanâpu, exercise ruthlessness toward, Tel Amarna ZimZA vi. 1891, 256)— Pf. 3 fs. חָֽנְפָה Is 24:5; 3 pl. חָנֵפ֑וּ Je 23:11; Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱנַף Je 3:1; תֶּחֱנָ֑ף Mi 4:11; וַתֶּחֱנַף Je 3:9 ψ 106:38; Inf. abs. חָנוֹף Je 3:1;— be polluted: of land Is 24:5; Je 3:1(×2) ψ 106:38; of Zion Mi 4:11. of prophet and priest = be חָנֵף (cf. infr.) i.e. profane, godless Je 23:11.—Je 3:9 appar. trans. וַתֶּחֱנַף את הארץ, Gf del. את, Gie cites Ges§ 121, 1, but read rather Hiph. וַתַּחֲנֵף with Codd. 𝔊 Ew al. (v. also Gf Gie). Impf. יַחֲנִיף Nu 35:33; Dn 11:32; 2 fs. וַתַּחֲנִ֫יפִי Je 3:2; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנִ֫יפוּ;— pollute: the land Nu 35:33(×2) (by blood; P), Je 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Je 3:9 (v. supr.) make profane, godless Dn 11:32 c. acc. pers.

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Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 9 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (3 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (3 candidates)

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every English meaning of «חָנֵף» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2610/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.

### In the verses

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[Daniel 11:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.11.32/)

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וּמַרְשִׁיעֵ֣י בְרִ֔ית יַחֲנִ֖יף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת וְעַ֛ם יֹדְעֵ֥י אֱלֹהָ֖יו יַחֲזִ֥קוּ וְעָשֽׂוּ׃

*Word for word:* and \[those.who\].act.wickedly of.\[the\].covenant he.will.pollute with flattering.\[words\] and a.people \[which\].know God (of).its they.will.display.strength and they.will.act

*JPS 1917:* And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall be corrupt by blandishments; but the people that know their God shall show strength, and prevail.

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[Isaiah 24:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.5/)

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וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃

*Word for word:* and the earth it.has.been.polluted under inhabitants its (dm) they.have.transgressed laws they.have.overstepped \[the\].decree they.have.broken \[the\].covenant of.perpetuity

*JPS 1917:* The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, violated the statute, broken the everlasting covenant.

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