---
title: אָיַב — be hostile to · The Tanakh dictionary
description: אָיַב (340), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 1 times: be hostile to. BDB 1906: vb. be hostile to. With 1 verse in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917.
---

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# אָיַב

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«אָיַב» in the Tanakh dictionary: **be hostile to** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 1 verse in layers.

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**Used:** 1 times · **Key:** 340 · **BDB:** אָיַב

### Glosses

I.will.be.an.enemy.to (1)

### Meaning (OSHB)

be hostile to [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1488/340/#m1)

### Meaning (BDB 1906)

vb. be hostile to [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1488/340/#m2)

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**The whole BDB entry:** vb. be hostile to (Ass. aibu (v. DlW), enemy = אֹיֵב)— Pf. †וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י Ex 23:22; Pt. אוֹיֵב (אֹיֵב) Ex 15:6 +; sf. (אוֹיְבִי) אֹיְבִי 2 S 22:18 = ψ 18:18 +; f. sf. אֹיַבְתִּי Mi 7:8, 10; אֹיִבְךָ Ex 23:4 +, etc.; pl. אוֹיְבִים ψ 68:24; 127:5; אֹיְבִים ψ 139:22, etc.;—be hostile to, treat as enemy Ex 23:22 (E, Cov’t code) וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶת־צֹרְרֶיךָ (subj. י׳); elsewhere Pt. 1 S 18:29 וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל אֹיֵב אֶת־דָּוִד; usually as subst. \& mostly sf.; enemy, of personal foe Ex 23:4 (E ‖ שֹׂנֵא v 5) Nu 35:23 (P) 1 S 19:17 (cf. 18:29) 24:5, 20 2 S 4:8 1 K 21:20 Jb 27:7 ψ 54:9; 55:13 (‖ מְשַׂנֵּא; opp. אַלּוּף, מְיֻדָּע v 14) Mi 2:8 Pr 16:7; 24:17 +; in sim. Je 30:14 (מַכַּת אוֹיֵב); of public national enemy, sg. Ju 16:23, 24; coll. Ex 15:6, 9 Dt 33:27 Na 3:11 2 Ch 6:24 +; personif. Mi 7:8, 10; more oft. pl. Ex 23:22 (E) Lv 26:7f (H) Nu 10:9 (P) Dt 1:42; 6:19 Je 15:9; 34:20, 21 +; of enemies of God, as protector of his people Nu 10:35 (J) Ju 5:31 1 S 30:26 2 S 18:19 ψ 66:3; 68:1, 22 Na 1:2, 8 Is 66:6 +; as morally supreme Jb 13:24; 33:10 ψ 37:20; 92:10(×2) +; of God as enemy of rebellious people Is 63:10, in sim. La 2:4, 5.

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Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (12 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (10 candidates)

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every English meaning of «אָיַב» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1488/340/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.

### In the verses

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[Exodus 23:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.22/)

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כִּ֣י אִם־שָׁמֹ֤עַ תִּשְׁמַע֙ בְּקֹל֔וֹ וְעָשִׂ֕יתָ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲדַבֵּ֑ר וְאָֽיַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ וְצַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־צֹרְרֶֽיךָ׃

*Word for word:* (dm) if carefully.(listen) you.will.listen to voice his and you.will.do all that I.will.say and I.will.be.an.enemy.to (et) enemies your and I.will.treat.as.a.foe (et) foes your

*JPS 1917:* But if thou shalt indeed hearken unto his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries.

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