--- title: כָּלַם — be humiliated · The Tanakh dictionary description: כָּלַם (3637), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 38 times: be humiliated. BDB 1906: vb. Niph. Hoph. Hiph. Hiph. With 2 verses in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/3637.html) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/) / [כ](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/1499-2.md)‎ / כָּלַם‎ # כָּלַם «כָּלַם» in the Tanakh dictionary: **be humiliated** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers. **Used:** 38 times · **Key:** 3637 · **BDB:** כָּלַם ### Glosses humiliated (3); may.they.be.humiliated (3); you (3) ### Meaning (OSHB) be humiliated [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1499/3637/#m1) ### Meaning (BDB 1906) vb. Niph. Hoph. Hiph. Hiph. [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1499/3637/#m2) **The whole BDB entry:** vb. only Niph. Hoph. be humiliated, Hiph. humiliate (NH Hiph., id.; Aramaic כְּלַם Aph. Ithpe.; Arabic كَلَمَ is wound; كَلَّمَ also speak to, converse with);— Pf. 2 fs. וְנִכְלַמְתְּ consec. Je 22:22 + 2 times; 1 s. גִכְלַמְתִּי Je 31:19; Ezr 9:6, נִכְלָ֑מְתִּי Is 50:7; 3 pl. נִכְלְמוּ Is 45:16 + 2 times; Impf. 3 fs. תִּכָּלֵם Nu 12:14; 2 fs. תִּכָּֽלְמִי Is 54:4; 3 mpl. יִכָּֽלְמוּ Is 41:11 + 5 times; 2 mpl. תִּכָּֽלְמוּ Is 45:17; Imv. mpl. הִכָּֽלְמוּ Ez 36:32; Inf. cstr. הִכָּלֵם Je 3:3; 8:12; Pt. נִכְלָם ψ 74:21; mpl. נִכְלָמִים 2 S 10:5 + 2 times; fpl. נִכְלָמוֹת Ez 16:27;—be humiliated, ashamed, put to shame, dishonoured, confounded; be humiliated, ashamed, before men Nu 12:14 (E), 2 S 10:5 = 1 Ch 19:5, 2 S 19:4, cf. ψ 74:21; before enemies (by defeat, etc.) Is 45:17 (‖ בושׁ), 50:7; 54:4 (‖ בושׁ, חפר); before God, sq. לְ inf., וְנִכְלַמְתִּי אֱלֹהַי לְהָרִים פָּנַי אֵלֶיךָ Ezr 9:6 (‖ בושׁ); Je 3:3; Ez 16:27, 54 (‖ נָשָׂא כְלִמָּה), 43:10, 11 (all + מִן caus.) 16:61, so prob. Levites, at Hezekiah’s reforms 2 Ch 30:15. be put to shame, dishonoured, confounded, by judgments of י׳, all ‖ בושׁ: Je 22:22 (מִן of cause), Ez 36:32 (id.), Je 31:19 (כִּי of cause), 8:12 Is 41:11; 45:16 (+ הָלַךְ בַּכְּלִמָּה), ψ 35:4; 69:7; + חפר ψ 40:15; 70:3. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הִכְלִמוֹ 1 S 20:34; 3 mpl. sf. הֶכְלַמְנוּם (Ges§ 53, 3 R. 6) 1 S 25:7; Impf. יַכְלִים Pr 28:7; 2 ms. sf. וַתַּכְלִימֵנוּ ψ 44:10; 2 mpl. sf. תַּכְלִימוּנִי Jb 19:3, -מוּהָ Ru 2:15; Inf. cstr. הַכְלִים Je 6:15 Pr 25:8; Pt. מַכְלִים Ju 18:7 (but v. infr.), מַכְלִם Jb 11:3;— put to shame = insult, humiliate, c. acc. 1 S 20:34; 25:7 (cf. Hoph. v 15) Jb 19:3; humiliate by rebuke Ru 2:15 Jb 11:3; humiliate by defeat Pr 25:8; ψ 44:10; cause shame to Pr 28:7;—Ju 18:7 is crpt. (see Be VB GFM; Be proposes מַחְסוֹר כל־דבר there was no lack of anything, for MT מַכְלִים ד׳; GFM conjectures מְכַלֵּא מִדָּבָר there is no one to restrain (us) from anything in the land). exhibit shame Je 6:15 (‖ בושׁ). Pf. 1 pl. לֹא הָכְלַמְנוּ 1 S 25:15 we were not insulted, humiliated (cf. Hiph. 1). 3 pl. חָכְלְמוּ Je 14:3 they were put to shame, dishonoured, confounded (‖ בושׁ). Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 38 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (1 candidates) ### Trees and pragmatics [Every English meaning of «כָּלַם» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1499/3637/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames. ### In the verses [Job 11:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.11.3/) בַּ֭דֶּיךָ מְתִ֣ים יַחֲרִ֑ישׁווַ֝תִּלְעַ֗ג וְאֵ֣ין מַכְלִֽם׃ *Word for word:* boasts your.empty men will.they.silence? and have.you.mocked? and there.\[is\].not \[one.who\].puts.to.shame *JPS 1917:* Thy boastings have made men hold their peace, and thou hast mocked, with none to make thee ashamed; [Job 19:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.19.3/) זֶ֤ה עֶ֣שֶׂר פְּ֭עָמִים תַּכְלִימ֑וּנִי לֹֽא־תֵ֝בֹ֗שׁוּ תַּהְכְּרוּ־לִֽי׃ *Word for word:* this ten times you have.insulted.me not you.have.been.ashamed you.have.ill-treated (to) me *JPS 1917:* These ten times have ye reproached me; ye are not ashamed that ye deal harshly with me. - ← previous: [כְּלָל](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/3636.md) - next →: [כִּלְמָד](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/3638.md) - ↑ back to [כ](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/1499-2.md)