--- title: קָשֶׁה — hard · The Tanakh dictionary description: קָשֶׁה (7186), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 36 times: hard. BDB 1906: adj. hard, severe. With 2 verses in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/7186.html) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/) / [ק](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/1511-3.md)‎ / קָשֶׁה‎ # קָשֶׁה «קָשֶׁה» in the Tanakh dictionary: **hard** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers. **Used:** 36 times · **Key:** 7186 · **BDB:** קָשֶׁה ### Glosses hard (12); stiff (7); fierce (2) ### Meaning (OSHB) hard [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1511/7186/#m1) ### Meaning (BDB 1906) adj. hard, severe [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1511/7186/#m2) **The whole BDB entry:** adj. hard, severe;—abs. ק׳ Ex 18:26 +; cstr. 32:9 +; fs. קָשָׁה Dt 26:6 +; cstr. קְשַׁת 1 S 1:15; mpl. קָשִׁים 2 S 3:39; cstr. קְשֵׁי Ez 2:4; 3:7; fpl. קָשׁוֹת Gn 42:7, 30;— hard, difficult, of a legal question (דָּבָר) Ex 18:26 (E). severe, of battle 2 S 2:17, wind Is 27:8, servitude (עֲבֹדָה) 1 K 12:4 = 2 Ch 10:4; Dt 26:6; Is 14:3; Ex 1:14; 6:9 (both P); as n.coll. הִרְאִיתָ עַמְּךָ קָשָׁה ψ 60:5 thou hast made thy people see severe things; קְשֵׁה יוֹם Jb 30:25 i.e. one whose time (life) is hard, so 1 S 1:15 (reading קְשַׁת יוֹם for ק׳ רוּחַ, 𝔊 Th We Dr al.); severe, rough, of lord (אֲדֹנִים) Is 19:4, cf. 2 S 3:29 (c. מִן comp. \[מִמֶּנּוּ? v. HPS\]); הָלוֹךְ וְקָשָׁה עַל־ Ju 4:24 the hand of the sons of Israel went on being more and more severe upon Jabin; fierce, relentless, of י׳’s sword Is 27:1 (in fig.); rough, rude 1 S 25:3; severe things, of language Gn 42:7, 30 (E; c. דִּבֶּר), 1 S 20:10 1 K 12:13 = 2 Ch 10:13 (all c. עָנָה); וְאָנֹכִי שָׁלוּחַ אֵלַיִךְ קָשָׁה 1 K 14:6 I am commissioned with a severe (message) unto thee (Ges§ 121 d. N. 1 DaSynt. §§ 75 (d), 80); חָזוּת קָשָׁה Is 21:2. fierce, intense, vehement, of קִנְאָה Ct 8:6 (‖ עַוָּה; cf. Gn 49:9). עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף a people stiff of neck, stubborn, Ex 32:9; 33:3, 5; 34:9 (all JE), Dt 9:6, 13; עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה, 31:27; cf. דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Ju 2:19; קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ez 2:4 (+ חִזְקֵי־לֵב), קְשֵׁי־לֵב 3:7 (+ חִזְקֵי־מֵצַח); ק׳ alone = stubborn Is 48:4. Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 36 of its verses cited, 2 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (6 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (4 candidates) ### Trees and pragmatics [Every English meaning of «קָשֶׁה» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1511/7186/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames. ### In the verses [Psalms 60:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.60.5/) הִרְאִ֣יתָה עַמְּךָ֣ קָשָׁ֑ה הִ֝שְׁקִיתָ֗נוּ יַ֣יִן תַּרְעֵלָֽה׃ *Word for word:* you.have.made.see people your a.hard.\[thing\] you have.made.us.drink wine of.staggering *JPS 1917:* Thou hast made Thy people to see hard things; Thou hast made us to drink the wine of staggering. [Job 30:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.30.25/) אִם־לֹ֣א בָ֭כִיתִי לִקְשֵׁה־י֑וֹם עָֽגְמָ֥ה נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ *Word for word:* (if)? not did.I.weep for.\[the\] hard of.day was.it.grieved? self my for the.needy \[person\] *JPS 1917:* If I have not wept for him that was in trouble, and if my soul grieved not for the needy. - ← previous: [קָשָׁה](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/7185.md) - next →: [קַשְׂוָה](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/7184.md) - ↑ back to [ק](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/1511-3.md)