---
title: הַ — the · The Tanakh dictionary
description: הַ (lemma:הַ), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 30415 times: the. BDB 1906: definite article the. With 2 verses in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917.
---

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# הַ

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«הַ» in the Tanakh dictionary: **the** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers.

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**Used:** 30415 times · **Key:** lemma:הַ · **BDB:** הַ·

### Glosses

the (15887); (the) (5109); of (4325)

### Meaning (OSHB)

the [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1492/lemma_3a_5d4_5b7/#m1)

### Meaning (BDB 1906)

definite article the [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1492/lemma_3a_5d4_5b7/#m2)

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**The whole BDB entry:** (on the use of these different forms, see the Grammars: e.g. Ges§ 35), definite article, the (so Moab. Ph. (Schröd § 62–4), Liḥyan (NW. Arabia) ha (DHMEpigr. Denkm. 4. 13. 58 ff.); not Assyrian Aramaic or Ethiopic: Arabic اَلْ, of which, before dentals, sibilants, and liquids, the l is written but not pronounced, thus اَلشَّمْسُ pron. ʾash-shamsu = Heb. הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ)—in gen. the use of the art. in Heb. is analogous to its use in Greek or German: but naturally there are applications peculiar to Hebrew (comp. with what follows Ges§ 126 Ew§ 277):— joined with substantives: to mark a definite concrete object, as Gn 1:1 the heavens and the earth, הַמֶּלֶךְ the king, etc. Never, however (as in Greek e.g. ὁΠλάτων), before true proper names, though it is used with certain terms, chiefly geographical, of which the orig. appellative sense has not been lost, as הַבַּעַל ‘Baal,’ lit. ‘the lord,’ in pl. הַבְּעָלִים i.e. the various local Baals, הַשָּׂטָן the Adversary Jb 1:6 ff. (as a pr. n. שָׂטָן, ‘Satan,’ only 1 Ch 21:1); הַלְּבָנוֹן (but not הַחֶרְמוֹן), הַיַּרְדֵּן (but not הָאַרְנֹן), הַכַּרְמֶל, הַשָּׁרוֹן the Sharon, הַשְּׁפֵלָה the (Judaean) lowland, הַכִּכָּר, הַמִּישׁוֹר the (Moabite) table-land, הָעֲרָבָה, הָעַי ‘ʿAi,’ הַגִּבְעָה ‘Gibeah,’ Ju 20:5 ff., הַגָּלִיל ‘Galilee,’ הַגִּלְגָּל, הַגִּלְבֹּעַ, הַבָּשָׁן, הַגִּלְעָד (often), הַשִּׁטִּים, הַמִּצְפָּה, הָרָמָה, הַיְשִׁימוֹן, הָעֹפֶל, הַפִּסְגָּה. with an adjective to denote one who exhibits a quality κατʼ ἐξοχήν, i.e. to express the compar. or superl. degree: so often, as Gn 1:16 המאור הגדל the greater light, המאור הקטן the lesser light, 27:1 בנו הגדול = his elder son, 48:14 הצעיר the younger, 42:13 הַקָּטֹן the little one, i.e. the youngest (of Joseph’s brethren), Lv 21:10 הַגָּדוֹל מֵאֶחָיו the chiefest of his brethren, Nu 35:25 + הכהן הגדול the chief priest, הצעיר ב׳ the least among Ju 6:15, הצעירה מן the least of 1 S 9:21, הַיָּפָה ב׳ the fairest among Ct 1:8, 2 K 10:3 Pr 30:30, cf. Jos 14:15. with nouns which are not definite in themselves, but acquire their definition from the context, or from the manner in which they are introduced: thus (α) in the standing phrases הַיּוֹם to-day, Gn 4:14; 21:26 + often; הַלַּיְלָה to-night, Gn 19:5; 30:15 +, once 1 S 15:16 last night; so הַשָּׁנָה this year, 2 K 19:29 Jer 28:16; הַפַּעַם this time, Gn 18:32 +, בַּמִּלְחָמָה in battle 1 S 26:10; 30:24 2 S 19:4. (β) הַנָּהָר the river = Euphrates; Ex 2:15 the (local) well, Jos 8:11 the valley, 1 S 17:3; 1 S 19:10 the wall, v 13 the bed, 20:21 הַנַּעַר the lad (whom Jonathan would naturally take with him), v 34 the table. Hence occas. where a suffix would define the noun more precisely, as הַחֲמוֹר 2 S 19:27 + = my ass, Ju 3:20 1 S 1:9 הַכִּסֵּא = his seat, Ju 4:15 1 K 22:35 2 K 10:15 + הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, 1 S 18:10; 20:33 הַחֲנִית. it is a peculiarity of Hebrew thought to conceive an object as defined by its being taken for a particular purpose, and thus by a kind of prolepsis to prefix the art. to the noun denoting it: 1 S 10:1 and Samuel took אֶת־פַּךְ הַשֶּׁמֶן lit. the cruse of oil, not, however, a cruse which had been defined previously, but one rendered definite by being now taken; in English idiom ‘a cruse of oil,’ v 25 בַּסֵּפֶר lit. in the scroll or book, the one, viz. taken for the purpose, i.e. in a scroll (so Ex 17:14 Nu 5:23 Jb 19:23), 21:10 בַּשִּׂמְלָה, Ju 4:18 וַתְּכַסֵּהוּ בַּשְּׂמִיכָה, v 19; 7:13 הָאֹהֶל a tent, 8:25; 9:48 אֶת־הַקַּרְדֻּמֹּת hatchests, 20:16 every one able to sling בָּאֶבֶן אֶל־הַשַּׂעֲרָה with a stone at a hair, 1 S 6:8 בָּאַרְגָּז (unless indeed the אַרְגָּז was an understood appendage in every cart), Nu 11:27 הַנַּעַר a young man, 13:23 בַּמּוֹט on a pole, Jos 2:15 בַּחֶבֶל with a cord, 2 S 17:17 השׁפחה a girl (cf. Dr 1 S 1:4; 19:13). Sometimes it is uncertain whether an art. is to be referred to c or d: e.g. 1 S 2:13 his prong or a prong, 2 S 18:9 his mule or a mule, etc. with nouns that denote objects or classes of objects that are known to all, as הַצֹּאן, הַזָּהָב, הַמַּיִם; Gn 13:2 Abram was very rich בַּמִּקְנֶה בַּכֶּסֶף וּבַזָּהָב, Ex 31:4 לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּזָּהָב וּבַכֶּסֶף, Dt 14:26 and thou shalt lay out the money בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן וּבַיַּיִן וּבַשֵּׁכָר, 2 K 9:30 וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּוּךְ עֵינֶיהָ, in French ‘elle mit du fard à ses yeux.’ It is, however, remarkable that this usage depends mostly on the punctuation, הַכֶּסֶף, הַיַּיִן, הַלֶּחֶם etc. (except as applied to denote definite quantities of gold, wine, etc., as Jos 6:24) being far less common than כֶּסֶף, יַיִן etc., but בַּכֶּסֶף, לַכֶּסֶף etc. being much more freq. than בְּכֶסֶף, לְכֶסֶף etc.: for instances in which the art. forms part of the consonantal text, see Gn 6:20; 7:8 + העוף and הבהמה, Dt 8:3 הַלֶּחֶם, 1 K 5:8, 13 Is 28:7 הַיַּיִן and הַשֵּׁכָר, 60:17 Ez 15:4, 7 הָאֵשׁ, Hb 2:5 Pr 20:1 ψ 65:14 הַצֹּאן, Ct 1:11 Ec 7:12. Cf. below, h. in comparisons, the object compared being, as a rule, not an individual as such, but one exhibiting the characteristics of a class: Is 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים, כַּתּוֹלָע like scarlet, like crimson (both meant generally), 5:24 כַּמַּק יִהְיֶה v 28 כַּצַּר and כַּסּוּפָה, 10:14 כַּקֵּן, 13:8 כַּיּוֹלֵדָה (as always with this word, e.g. 42:14 ψ 48:7), 11:7 כַּבָּקָר; + often (The usage is not, however, quite uniform, at least according to the punctuation: there occurs e.g. כְּקַשׁ Jb 41:21 Is 47:14; כְּאַרְיֵה ψ 7:3 al.: and we find both כַּלָּבִיא Is 5:29 and כְּלָבִיא Ho 13:8; כָּאֲרִי Is 38:13 and כַּאֲרִי Nu 24:9; כַּגִּבּוֹר Is 42:13 and כְּגבור Jb 16:14; etc.) Similarly Gn 19:28 כְּקִיטֹר הַכִּבְשָׁן as the smoke of a furnace, Nu 11:8, 12 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִשָּׂא הָאֹמֵן אֶת־הַיֹּנֵק, Dt 28:29 (הָעִוֵּר), Ju 8:18 b כְּתֹאַר בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, 14:6 כְּשַׁסַּע הַגְּדִי like (a lion’s) rending a kid, 16:9 1 K 14:15 Zc 12:10 כְמִסְפֵּד עַל הַיָּחִיד as mourning over an only child, 13:9 +. Where, however, the standard of comparison is not the class in general, but only a particular part of it, defined by a special epithet (whether adj. or verb), the art. is naturally omitted: thus כַּמֹּץ like chaff (in general) Is 41:15, but כְּמֹץ עֹבֵר like chaff passing away 29:5; כַּצֵּל Jb 14:2, but כְּצֵל נָטוּי ψ 102:12; כַּקַּשׁ Is 40:24. but כְּקַשׁ נִדָּף 41:2; כָּאַיָּל Is 35:6, but כְּאַיָּל תַּעֲרֹג על וג׳ like a hind (that) longeth for streams of water ψ 42:2; כָּאֵשׁ Is 9:17, but כְּאֵשׁ תבער יער like fire (that) kindleth a wood ψ 83:15; כֶעָשָׁן Is 51:6, but כְּעָשָׁן מֵאֲרֻבָּה like smoke from a chimney Ho 13:3: so Is 62:1 b Jb 9:26; 11:16 כְּמַיִם עָֽבְרוּ like waters (that) have passed by, etc.; Dt 32:2 a כַּמָּטָר, כַּטַּל, but v 2 b כִּשְׂעִירִים עֲלֵי־דֶשֶׁא, כִּרְבִיבִים עֲלֵי־עֵשֶׂב. Where the art. is found, although a rel. clause follows (as ψ 1:4; 49:13 Is 61:10), this is prob. to be regarded not as limiting the class of object compared, but as describing it. prefixed to generic nouns (in the singular) it designates the class, i.e. it imparts to the noun a collective force, as Ex 1:22 כָּל־הַבֵּן all (lit. the whole of) the sons, כָּל־הַבַּת all the daughters, Lv 17:8, 10 מִן־הַגֵּר of the strangers, who sojourn in their midst, Nu 21:7 הַנָּחָשׁ the serpents; Gn 14:13 Ez 24:26; 33:21 הַפָּלִיט those who escaped; Jos 6:7 + הֶחָלוּץ 6:9, 13 הַמְאַסֵּף; 8:19 הָאוֹרֵב; 1 S 13:17 הַמַּשְׁחִית; Mi 2:13; Is 6:4 הַקּוֹרֵא the choir of criers; 1 S 24:14 הַקַּדְמֹנִי the ancients; Ec 7:26 אֶת־הַאִשָּׁה woman, and often with gentile names, as הַיְבוּסִי the Jebusites, הַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי 2 S 8:18 al., הַדָּנִי Ju 18:1 etc., הַלֵּוִי the Levites, Nu 3:20; 18:23 Mal 2:8 ψ 135:20 +. with nouns denoting abstract ideas, especially the names of moral qualities (cf. Gk. ἡ δίκη, Fr. la justice), chiefly in two cases—(α) where the art. is recognizable in the consonantal text, exceptionally, when some emphasis or definiteness is intended, as Dt 7:9 שׁומר הברית והחסד; החסד הזה 2 S 2:5 1 K 3:6; את החסד והרחמים Je 16:5 (contr. Zc 7:9); הצדק †Is 1:26; 61:3 Ec 3:16; הַצְּדָקָה †Is 32:17(×2) (contrast v 16) Dn 9:7 (emph.); הַדַּעַת Ho 4:6; הָאֱמֶת Gn 32:11 (sq. אֲשֶׁר), Is 59:15 (contrast v 14) Zc 8:3, 19; הָאֱמוּנָה †Is 11:5 b (contr. v a) Je 7:28; הַחָכְמָה Jb 28:12, 20; הַחַיִּים Gn 2:9 +; הָאַהֲבָה †Ct 2:7; 3:5; 8:4, 7; הַשֶּׁקֶר †Je 7:4, 8; 23:26; הַמָּוֶת Is 25:8 Ru 1:17 +; הָרֶשַׁע †ψ 125:3 Ec 3:16; הָרִשְׁעָה †Zc 5:8; הַחֹשֶׁךְ Is 60:2 Ec 2:13; see also Dt 30:15, 19 (Je 21:8), 1 K 7:14 Je 32:19 Mal 2:5 החיים והשׁלום, ψ 123:4; 130:4 Dn 9:9 1 Ch 29:11 2 Ch 1:12 Pr 31:30 Ec 2:13, 17; 7:12, 19; 10:6; 11:10: but in all such cases חֶסֶד, צֶדֶק, אֱמֶת, etc. are far more common. (β) where the art. depends on the punctuation, after preps. especially בְּ, but with much irregularity, as בַּחֶסֶד Is 16:5 Pr 20:28 (but בְּח׳ Ho 2:21 Pr 16:6), בַּצֶּדֶק Pr 25:5 (elsewhere always בְּצ׳: בִּצְדָקָה also always); בֶּאֱמֶת and בֶּאֱמוּנָה always; בַּשֶּׁקֶר †Is 28:15 (but ‖ כָּזָב, not הַכָּזָב) Je 5:31; 13:25; 20:6; 23:14 (בְּשֶׁקֶר †Je 3:10; 29:9); בַּשָּׁלוֹם †ψ 29:11 Jb 15:21 (elsewhere בְּשָׁלוֹם); Zc 12:4 to smite בַּשִּׁגָּעוֹן וּבַעִוָּרוֹן (but Dt 28:28 בְּשׁגעון וּבְעורון), cf. Gn 19:11 Dt 28:22; to enter with one בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Jb 9:32; 22:4 (but בְּמשׁפט ψ 143:2), contrast also Pr 18:5 with 24:23; לַמִּשְׁפָּט Is 59:11 ψ 9:8 (but לְמ׳ Is 5:7 ψ 122:5); Pr 2:2; 7:4 לַחָכְמָה (but never הַחכמה in Pr 1–9, or indeed in the whole book); Pr 2:3; 7:4 לַבִּינָה, Jb 39:17 בַּבִּינָה (but never הַבִּינָה); Pr 2:2, 3 לַתְּבוּנָה (but הַתְּבוּנָה only 1 K 7:14 emph.); to perish בַּצָּמָא Ju 15:18 +; Is 29:21 בַּתֹּהוּ, 32:19 בַּשִּׁפְלָה תִּשְׁפַּל הָעִיר Germ. in die Niedrigkeit sinkt die Stadt, 45:16 together they go בַבְּלִמָּה (in die Schmach), 46:2 בַּשְּׁבִי into captivity, 47:5 בֹּאִי בַחֹשֶׁךְ (so always: never בְחֹשׁך). The living language may have used the art. more readily after a prep., where it did not lengthen the word by an entire syll.; still the disparity of usage between α and β makes it not improb. that the art. in β is in many cases not original but due to the punctuators. to mark the vocative: 1 S 17:55 חֵי־נפשׁך הַמֶּלֶךְ as thy soul liveth, O king, I do not know, v 58 בן מי אתה הַנַּעַר Whose son art thou, lad? 2 S 14:4 Help, O king! 1 K 18:26 הַבַּעַל עֲנֵנוּ, 2 K 9:5 אֵלֶיךָ הַשָּׂר, Is 42:18 הַחֵֽרְשִׁים שְׁמָ֑עוּ, Je 2:31 הַדּוֹר אַתֶּם רְאוּ וג׳, Ez 37:4 הָעֲצָמוֹת הַיְּבֵשׁוֹת O dry bones, Mal 3:9 הַגּוֹי כֻּלּוֹ (Dr§ 198 Obs. 2). N. B. In poetry, the article is frequently dispensed with before words which would naturally take it in prose: thus ψ 2:2, 8, 10 \& often אֶרֶץ; 8:9; 18:10; 33:6 + שָׁמַיִם; (rarely in prose, Gn 1:8; 2:4 1 K 8:35); 21:2; 45:14, 16; 61:7 al. מֶלֶךְ; 66:6; 72:8 + יָם; 59:7, 15 עִיר; Ju 5:2 ψ 18:44 עָם etc.; ψ 9:6, 17 \& often רָשָׁע; Is 1:2, 6, 21; 3:10, 11; 11:6, 7, 8. With adjectives, participles, and demonstrative pronouns (הוא, היא, המה, הם, זה, זאת, אלה): viz. (so regularly) when the subst. qualified by these words is defined by it likewise, as המלך הגדול = ὁ βασιλεὺς ὁ μέγας, Gn 2:12 הארץ ההוא, 20:1 הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה, Jos 2:3 האנשׁים הבאים אליך = οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ ἐλθόντες πρὸς σέ, Gn 13:5; 16:13; 24:65; 32:21; Ju 6:28; Is 65:3, 4, 5; 66:24 ψ 31:9. So also with adjj. \& ptcpp., if the subst. be defined by a sf. (as Dt 4:37 בְּכֹחוֹ הַגָּדֹל, 1 S 8:14 זֵיתֵיכֶם הַטֹּבוֹת; and with a pron., if it be defined by a gen. (as Dt 29:20 1 S 14:29; 15:14 2 K 6:32 בֶן־הַמְּרַצֵּחַ הַזֶּה this son of a murderer), but not if it be defined by a sf., as Ex 10:1 אֹתֹתַי אֵלֶּה (not אתתי הָאֵלָּה), Jos 2:14 דְבָרֵנוּ זֶה this our word (not ד׳ הַזֶּה): v. Dr§ 209 Obs. Similarly when the art. with the ptcp. has a resumptive force, ψ 33:15 (v 14 he looketh forth from the place, \&c.), הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם he that formeth, etc., 19:11 הַנֶּחֱמָדִים מִזָּהָב which (v 10 b) are more desirable than gold, 49:7 (6 b the inquity of my aggressors surroundeth me), הַבֹּטְחִים who trust in their riches, etc., Gn 49:21 Is 46:6; 51:20 Jb 6:16 + (v. Dr§ 135, 7). (rare) when the subst. qualified by the adj. or ptcp. was felt to be sufficiently definite for its own art. to be dispensed with, as sometimes with the word day Gn 1:31 יום השׁשׁי, 2:3 יום השׁביעי, Ex 12:15, 18; 20:10 (= Dt 5:14) Lv 19:6; 22:27: so with מָבוֹא entrance Je 38:14, שַׁעַר Zc 14:10; חָצֵר court 1 K 7:8, 12 Ez 40:28 al.; also in certain phrases (peculiar to P) where the subst. is defined by כל, as Gn 1:21 כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ הַחַיָּה all living souls, v 28 כָּל־חַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת all living things that creep, etc., 7:21; 9:10 Lv 11:10, 46; further in isolated cases, hardly reducible to rule, Lv 24:10 1 S 12:23 דֶּרֶךְ הַטּוֹבָה, 16:23 רוּחַ הָרָעָה, 2 S 12:4 לְאישׁ העשׁיר Je 6:20; 17:2 Zc 4:7 ψ 104:18 Ezr 10:9 חֹדֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִי (quite exceptional in OT). (With prons. this use is so rare that, where it occurs, it is dub. if the text be sound: 1 S 17:12, 17 Je 40:3 Kt Mi 7:11). And with the ptcp.: 1 S 25:10 רַבִּים עֲבָדִים הַמִּתְפָּֽרְצִים many are the slaves who break away etc., Is 7:20 Je 27:3; 46:16 = 50:16 חֶרֶב הַיּוֹנָה the oppressing sword, Ez 2:3 (but 𝔊 Co om. הגוים), 14:22; 32:22, 24 ψ 62:4 Pr 26:18 Ju 21:19 (very anomal., read prob. לַמְּסִלָּה). This usage is somewhat more freq. in the later parts of OT; and in post B. Heb. it is very general (e.g. יֵצֶר הָרַע the evil inclination): v. further Dr§ 209. with the ptcp., where the ptcp. with the art. forms really the subject: Gn 2:11 הוּא הַסּוֹבֵב not ‘it was encompassing,’ but ‘it is that which encompassed,’ 45:12 פִּי הַמְדַבֵּר my mouth is that which speaketh, Dt 3:21 עֵינֶיךָ הָרֹאוֹת thine eyes were those which saw, 4:3; 8:18 ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ διδοὺς σοί, Is 14:27; 66:9 (v. Dr§ 135. 7). The article is prefixed exceptionally—mostly in the latest Hebrew—with the force of a relative to the verb: †Jos 10:24 הֶהָֽלְכוּא אִתּוֹ that went with him, Ez 26:17, הָעִיר הַהֻ֫לָּלָה, 1 Ch 26:28 וְכֹל הַהִקְדִּישׁ שְׁמוּאֵל and all that Samuel had dedicated, 29:8, 17 2 Ch 1:4 בַּֽהֵכִין in (the place) that he had prepared, 29:36 Ezr 8:25 10:14, 17. According to the punctuation, it occurs similarly elsewhere, as Gn 18:21 הַבָּ֥אָה (so 46:27 Jb 2:11), 21:3 הַנּוֹלַד־לוֹ, 1 K 11:9 \& Dn 8:1 הַנִּרְאָה, Is 51:10 הַשָּׂ֨מָה֨, 56:3 הַנִּלְוָה, Ru 1:22; 2:6; 4:3 (all הַשָּׁ֫בָה): but in all these passages, the change of a point, or even sometimes of an accent, would restore the normal participial construction (as הַבָּאָ֥ה, הַנּוֹלָד לוֹ cf. Gn 48:5, הַנִּרְאֶה), which is, no doubt, what was intended by the orig. writers, and is recognised elsewhere by the Massorah, e.g. Gn 12:7; 35:1 הַנִּרְאֶה 46:26 \& Ru 4:11 הַבָּאָ֣ה (cf. Ew§ 331 b Ges 138, 3 b). Once, still more anomalously, before a prep. 1 S 9:24 וְהֶעָלֶיהָ (as though καὶ τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς): but read prob. וְהָאַלְיָה and the fat tail, v. Dr (In Arabic اَلْ also occurs, though very rarely, as a relative: WAG i. § 345 b, CG 117).—On the anomalous use of the art. with a word in the st. c., v. Gramm., as Ew§ 290 d, Ges§ 127 R. 4, also Dr§ 190–1.

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Why these entries: BDB: same consonants, part of speech not compared, 338 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (3 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech not compared, 0 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (2 candidates)

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every English meaning of «הַ» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1492/lemma_3a_5d4_5b7/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.

### In the verses

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[Nehemiah 10:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.10.25/)

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הַלּוֹחֵ֥שׁ פִּלְחָ֖א שׁוֹבֵֽק׃

*Word for word:* Hallohesh Pilha Shobek

*JPS 1917:* Hallohesh, Pilha, Shobek;

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[Numbers 25:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.25.19/)

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וַיְהִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמַּגֵּפָ֑ה

*Word for word:* and it.was after the plague

*JPS 1917:* And it came to pass after the plague, that the LORD spoke unto Moses and unto Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, saying:

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