---
title: עָצַב — hurt · The Tanakh dictionary
description: עָצַב (lemma:עָצַב), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 15 times: hurt. BDB 1906: vb. hurt, pain, grieve. With 2 verses in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917.
---

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# עָצַב

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«עָצַב» in the Tanakh dictionary: **hurt** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers.

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**Used:** 15 times · **Key:** lemma:עָצַב · **BDB:** עָצַב

### Glosses

be.grieved (3); he.was.grieved (2); \[who.is\].grieved (1)

### Meaning (OSHB)

hurt [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b8_5e6_5b7_5d1/#m1)

### Meaning (BDB 1906)

vb. hurt, pain, grieve [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b8_5e6_5b7_5d1/#m2)

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**The whole BDB entry:** vb. hurt, pain, grieve (NH Nithp. and in deriv.; 𝔗 עֲצַב be in pain (rare); Ethiopic ዐጸበ: be hard, difficult; LagBN 50, cf. 201 cp. Arabic غَضِبَ be angry, but dub.);— Pf. 3 ms. sf. עֲצָבוֹ 1 K 1:6 his father had not pained him (𝔊 Klo Gr עֲצָרוֹ, but v. Benz); ins. עָצַב (with other words) 2 S 13:21 𝔊 Ew Th We Kit Bu HPS; Inf. cstr. sf. לְבִלְתִּי עָצְבִּי 1 Ch 4:10 that it (רָעָה) may not pain me; Pt. pass. cstr. עֲצוּבַת רוּחַ Is 54:6 hurt in spirit (of Zion under fig. of deserted wife). Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְצַב 1 S 20:34 be pained for (אֶל pers.; del. 𝔊 HPS); נֶעֱצַב 2 S 19:3 the king is in pain (is grieving) for (עַל pers.); Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָצֵב 1 S 20:3 lest he be pained; + בָּהֶם instr. Ec 10:9 shall be hurt by them (i.e. אֲבָנִים; only here of physical pain); 2 mpl. תֵּעָֽצְבוּ Gn 45:5 be not grieved (+ יִחַר; sq. כִּי that ye sold me), cf. Ne 8:10, 11 (abs.) do not grieve. Pf. 3 pl. עִצְּבוּ c. acc. Is 63:10 they vexed his holy spirit (+ מָרוּ); Impf. 3 mpl. דְּבָרַי יְעַצֵּ֑בוּ ψ 56:6 my affairs they vex (Thes al.), but improb., בְּדָבָר יְע׳ with speech they vex (me). Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ ψ 78:40 they used to cause him \[י׳\] pain. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל־לִבּוֹ Gn 6:6 and he was vexed to his heart (of י׳; ‖ וַיִּנָּחֶם); 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעַצְּבוּ Gn 34:7 (+ וַיִּחַר, sq. clause with כִּי).

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Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 15 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses (8 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (8 candidates)

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every English meaning of «עָצַב» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b8_5e6_5b7_5d1/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.

### In the verses

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[Ecclesiastes 10:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.10.9/)

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מַסִּ֣יעַ אֲבָנִ֔ים יֵעָצֵ֖ב בָּהֶ֑ם בּוֹקֵ֥עַ עֵצִ֖ים יִסָּ֥כֶן בָּֽם׃

*Word for word:* \[one.who\].quarries stones he.will.be.hurt by them \[one.who\].cleaves wood(s) he.will.be.endangered by them

*JPS 1917:* Whoso quarrieth stones shall be hurt therewith; and he that cleaveth wood is endangered thereby.

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[Psalms 78:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.40/)

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כַּ֭מָּה יַמְר֣וּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר יַ֝עֲצִיב֗וּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃

*Word for word:* how often! they rebelled.against.him in the wilderness they grieved.him in a.desolate.place

*JPS 1917:* How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert!

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- next →: [עֹצֶב](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/lemma_3a_5e2_5b9_5e6_5b6_5d1.md)
- ↑ back to [ע](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/1506-5.md)