---
title: צַר — adversary · The Tanakh dictionary
description: צַר (lemma:צַר), a word of Biblical Hebrew, used 71 times: adversary. BDB 1906: n.m. adversary, foe. With 2 verses in Hebrew, word for word and JPS 1917.
---

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# צַר

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«צַר» in the Tanakh dictionary: **adversary** — how often it is used, MACULA's glosses, its meanings in the printed dictionaries and why they were chosen, and 2 verses in layers.

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**Used:** 71 times · **Key:** lemma:צַר · **BDB:** צַר⁴

### Glosses

foes (40); foe (6); \[the\].foe (4)

### Meaning (OSHB)

adversary [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1510/lemma_3a_5e6_5b7_5e8/#m1)

### Meaning (BDB 1906)

n.m. adversary, foe [tree →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1510/lemma_3a_5e6_5b7_5e8/#m2)

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**The whole BDB entry:** n.m. Nu 10:9 adversary, foe;—abs. צַר Am 3:11 +, even c. art. הַצַּר Nu 10:9, but also הַצָּר Est 7:4; צָ֑ר Zc 8:10 +; pl. צָרִים La 1:7; cstr. צָרֵי Ezr 4:1 + Is 9:10 (but read prob. צָרוֹ or צָרָיו, cf. Di-Kit CheHpt.; al. שָׂרֵי), Je 48:5 (del. 𝔊 Hi Gie), Ez 30:16 (but 𝔊 Sm וְנָפֹצוּ, so Berthol; Co וְנִפְרְצוּ, so Toy; Krae יָעוּף); sf. צָרַי ψ 3:2, צָרֵיהֶם Ez 39:23, צָרֵימוֹ Dt 32:27, etc.;—adversary, foe, Am 3:11; Gn 14:20; Nu 10:9; (P), 24:8 (JE); Dt 32:27; 33:7; Jos 5:13 (JE); 2 S 24:13; Is 9:10 (v. supr.), Zc 8:10; Ezr 4:1; Ne 4:5; Est 7:6 (אִישׁ צַר וְאוֹיֵב), + 21 times, + ψ 3:2; 13:5; 27:2; 78:42, + 13 times ψψ, + (of י׳’s foes) 78:66; 97:3; + (of י׳’s foes) also Is 1:24; 26:11; 59:18; 64:1; Je 46:10; Na 1:2; Dt 32:41, 43; Jb 19:11.—Je 48:5; Ez 30:16 v. supr.

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Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 32 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses (31 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (27 candidates)

### Trees and pragmatics

[Every English meaning of «צַר» parsed by Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1510/lemma_3a_5e6_5b7_5e8/), each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.

### In the verses

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[Psalms 89:43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.89.43/)

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הֲ֭רִימוֹתָ יְמִ֣ין צָרָ֑יו הִ֝שְׂמַ֗חְתָּ כָּל־אוֹיְבָֽיו׃

*Word for word:* you.have.exalted the.right.hand his.foes his you.have.allowed.to.rejoice all enemies his

*JPS 1917:* Thou hast exalted the right hand of his adversaries; Thou hast made all his enemies to rejoice.

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[Psalms 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.3.2/)

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יְ֭הוָה מָֽה־רַבּ֣וּ צָרָ֑י רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי׃

*Word for word:* O.Yahweh how! they.are.many foes my many.\[people\] \[are\].rising.up on me

*JPS 1917:* LORD, how many are mine adversaries become! Many are they that rise up against me.

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