Elamur: **Mova** · [Parse](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/parse/) · [Dictionary](https://md.dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [Translate](https://md.translate.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [Groupants](https://md.groupants.elamur.ai/free/en/)

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# Sources of chapters 20–38

The syntax and pragmatics chapters are written in our own words. This list gives every work they cite, with the slug of its card in the research library and its licence. Public-domain grammars and open-access papers (CC BY and similar) are the base, cited and paraphrased; works under share-alike terms are paraphrased, not quoted at length; papers under non-commercial or no-derivatives terms, and copyrighted works known by their card only, **inform** the text and are never quoted. Corpus data follows [Data and model licences](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/licence/DATA/): share-alike data is counted, tested on and quoted briefly by `sent_id`; non-commercial data is counted only. All counts were made on 2026-11-06.

## Grammars, orthography and literary texts (public domain or official)

| work | slug | licence | cited in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Serhii Smerechynskyi, *Нариси з української синтакси (у зв'язку з фразеологією та стилістикою)* (Kharkiv, 1932) | `smerechynskyi-1932-narysy-z-ukrainskoi-syntaksy` | public domain in UA/EU (author †1954) | [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/20-syntax-overview/), [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/21-clause-structure/), [22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/22-phrases/), [23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/23-complementation/), [24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/24-coordination-subordination/), [25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/25-relative-clauses/), [26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/26-questions/), [27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/27-negation/), [28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/28-voice-and-passive/), [29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/29-ellipsis-word-order-information-structure/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/), [35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/35-reference-and-coreference/), [36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/36-discourse-relations/), [38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/38-dialogue-and-discourse-markers/) |
| Stepan Smal-Stotsky & Theodor Gartner, *Grammatik der ruthenischen (ukrainischen) Sprache* (Vienna, 1913) | `stockyj-1913-ruthenische-grammatik` | public domain | [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/20-syntax-overview/), [23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/23-complementation/), [25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/25-relative-clauses/), [26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/26-questions/), [27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/27-negation/), [29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/29-ellipsis-word-order-information-structure/) |
| Vasyl Simovych, *Граматика української мови для самонавчання та в допомогу шкільній науці* (1919) | `simovych-1919-hramatyka-ukrainskoi-movy-dlia` | public domain | [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/20-syntax-overview/), [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/21-clause-structure/), [24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/24-coordination-subordination/), [30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/30-pragmatics-overview/), [31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/31-speech-acts/), [32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/32-politeness-and-hedging/), [34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/34-irony-and-figurative-language/), [35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/35-reference-and-coreference/), [36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/36-discourse-relations/), [38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/38-dialogue-and-discourse-markers/) |
| Vasyl Simovych, *Практична граматика української мови* (1918) | `simovych-1918-praktychna-hramatyka-ukrainskoi-movy` | public domain | [35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/35-reference-and-coreference/) |
| Oleksa Syniavskyi, *Порадник української мови* (1922) | `syniavskyi-1922-poradnyk-ukrainskoi-movy-praktychnyi` | public domain | [27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/27-negation/) |
| *Український правопис* (2019), approved by Cabinet of Ministers resolution No. 437 of 22 May 2019 | `ukrainskyi-pravopys-2019` | official document, not under copyright | [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/20-syntax-overview/)–[32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/32-politeness-and-hedging/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Taras Shevchenko, *Причинна* (1837), *Тече вода в синє море* (1838), *Садок вишневий коло хати* (1847); Ivan Franko, *Зів'яле листя* (1896); Mykhailo Starytsky, *Ніч яка місячна*; Ivan Kotliarevsky, *Енеїда* (1798); folk songs and proverbs | — | public domain | [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/20-syntax-overview/), [22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/22-phrases/), [24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/24-coordination-subordination/), [29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/29-ellipsis-word-order-information-structure/), [31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/31-speech-acts/), [34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/34-irony-and-figurative-language/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |

## Open papers (cited and paraphrased)

| work | slug | licence | cited in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Maria Shvedova, Arsenii Lukashevskyi & Andriy Rysin, Developing a Universal Dependencies Treebank for Ukrainian Parliamentary Speech (UNLP 2025) | `shvedova-2025-developing-universal-dependencies-treebank-ukrainian` | CC BY 4.0 | [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/20-syntax-overview/), [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/21-clause-structure/), [25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/25-relative-clauses/), [26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/26-questions/), [28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/28-voice-and-passive/), [29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/29-ellipsis-word-order-information-structure/), [30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/30-pragmatics-overview/), [31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/31-speech-acts/), [32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/32-politeness-and-hedging/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/), [38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/38-dialogue-and-discourse-markers/) |
| Jan Fellerer, Subject pro-drop and past-tense auxiliary clitics in South-Western Ukrainian (*Russian Linguistics* 46(3), 2022) | `fellerer-2022-pro-drop-sw` | CC BY 4.0 | [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/20-syntax-overview/), [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/21-clause-structure/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/), [35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/35-reference-and-coreference/) |
| Laura A. Janda & Yuliia Palii, Understanding 'many' through the lens of Ukrainian *багато* (*Russian Linguistics* 48(1), 2024) | `janda-2024-bahato-many` | CC BY 4.0 | [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/21-clause-structure/), [22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/22-phrases/), [33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/33-implicature-and-presupposition/) |
| Lesia Chaika, Natalia Lehka, Anne Tamm et al., Ukrainian Aspect and Object Case in ukTenTen: The Partitive Genitive of Perfective Verbs (2024) | `chaika-2024-partitive-uktenten` | CC BY 4.0 | [23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/23-complementation/), [27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/27-negation/), [33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/33-implicature-and-presupposition/) |
| Gerd Hentschel & Olesya Palinska, Restructuring in a Mesolect: the Formal Variation of the Infinitive in Ukrainian–Russian Surzhyk (*Cognitive Studies* 22, 2022) | `hentschel-2022-mesolect-infinitive` | CC BY 4.0 | [23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/23-complementation/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Gerd Hentschel & Olesya Palinska, The linguistic situation on the Ukrainian Black Sea coast – Ukrainian, Russian and Suržyk (*Russian Linguistics* 46(3), 2022) | `hentschel-2022-black-sea-surzhyk` | CC BY 4.0 | [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Gerd Hentschel, Ukrainian and Russian in the lexicon of Ukrainian Suržyk: reduced variation and stabilisation (*Russian Linguistics* 48(1), 2023) | `hentschel-2023-surzhyk-lexicon` | CC BY 4.0 | [26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/26-questions/), [27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/27-negation/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/), [35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/35-reference-and-coreference/), [38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/38-dialogue-and-discourse-markers/) |
| Olha Kanishcheva, Tetiana Kovalova, Maria Shvedova & Ruprecht von Waldenfels, The Parliamentary Code-Switching Corpus: Bilingualism in the Ukrainian Parliament in the 1990s–2020s (UNLP 2023) | `kanishcheva-2023-parliamentary-code-switching-corpus-bilingualism` | CC BY 4.0 | [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Maria Shvedova & Ruprecht von Waldenfels, Regional Annotation within GRAC, a Large Reference Corpus of Ukrainian (COLINS 2021) | `shvedova-2021-grac-regional` | CC BY 4.0 | [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Mehdi Lahjouji-Seppälä, Achim Rabus & Ruprecht von Waldenfels, Ukrainian standard variants in the 20th century: stylometry to the rescue (*Russian Linguistics*, 2022) | `lahjouji-2022-standard-variants` | CC BY 4.0 | [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Olena Synchak & Vasyl Starko, Ukrainian Feminine Personal Nouns in Online Dictionaries and Corpora (COLINS 2022) | `synchak-2022-feminine-dictionaries` | CC BY 4.0 | [22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/22-phrases/), [32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/32-politeness-and-hedging/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/), [35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/35-reference-and-coreference/) |
| Zoriana Kunch, Oksana Lytvyn & Iryna Mentynska, Modern Ukrainian Electronic Dictionaries: the Problem of Implementing Spelling Changes (2023) | `kunch-2023-e-dictionaries-spelling` | CC BY 4.0 | [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Roman Kyslyi, Yuliia Maksymiuk & Ihor Pysmennyi, Vuyko Mistral: Adapting LLMs for Low-Resource Dialectal Translation (UNLP 2025) | `kyslyi-2025-vuyko-mistral-adapting-llms-low` | CC BY 4.0 | [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Hanna Sytar, Maria Shvedova & Olha Kanishcheva, Ukrainian Multiword Expressions Corpus: Creation, Annotation, and Linguistic Analysis (MWE 2026) | `sytar-2026-ukrainian-multiword-expressions-corpus-creation` | CC BY 4.0 | [30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/30-pragmatics-overview/), [34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/34-irony-and-figurative-language/) |
| Yaryna Petruniv, Iuliia Makogon & Roman Kyslyi, SimIdioms: A Corpus and Benchmark for Ukrainian Idiom Translation (UNLP 2026) | `petruniv-2026-simidioms-corpus-benchmark-ukrainian-idiom` | CC BY 4.0 | [34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/34-irony-and-figurative-language/) |
| Daryna Dementieva, Nikolay Babakov & Alexander Fraser, EmoBench-UA: A Benchmark Dataset for Emotion Detection in Ukrainian (Findings of EMNLP 2025) | `dementieva-2025-emobench-ua-benchmark-dataset-emotion` | CC BY 4.0 | [30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/30-pragmatics-overview/), [34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/34-irony-and-figurative-language/) |
| Artem Korotenko & Roman Kyslyi, A Two-Axis Framework for Analyzing Ukrainian Dialogues (UNLP 2026) | `korotenko-2026-two-axis-framework-analyzing-ukrainian` | CC BY 4.0 | [30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/30-pragmatics-overview/), [32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/32-politeness-and-hedging/), [38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/38-dialogue-and-discourse-markers/) |
| Pavlo Kuchmiichuk, Silver Data for Coreference Resolution in Ukrainian: Translation, Alignment, and Projection (UNLP 2023) | `kuchmiichuk-2023-silver-data-coreference-resolution-ukrainian` | CC BY 4.0 | [35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/35-reference-and-coreference/) |

## Share-alike papers (paraphrased only)

| work | slug | licence | cited in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Vasyl Starko & Andriy Rysin, An Electronic Ukrainian Dictionary as a Derussification Tool (eLex 2025) | `starko-2025-dictionary-derussification` | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/25-relative-clauses/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |
| Olena Synchak, Military Feminine Personal Nouns: A Corpus-Based Update (eLex 2023) | `synchak-2023-military-feminine` | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/) |

## Treebanks and corpora (the examples and the counts)

| data | licence | use here |
| --- | --- | --- |
| UD_Ukrainian-ParlaMint 2.18 (Verkhovna Rada transcripts 2003–2022) | CC BY-SA 4.0 | short quoted examples by `sent_id`, counts (all chapters) |
| UD_Ukrainian-IU 2.18 (fiction, news, opinion, Wikipedia, legal, letters, posts) | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | counts only, never quoted (all chapters) |
| Leipzig Corpora Collection *ukr_news_2024* and *ukr_newscrawl_2018*, 1 M sentences each (Goldhahn, Eckart & Quasthoff 2012) | CC BY | frequencies only; web-mined, unchecked, no sentence quoted ([21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/21-clause-structure/), [23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/23-complementation/), [25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/25-relative-clauses/)–[27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/27-negation/), [30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/30-pragmatics-overview/)–[32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/32-politeness-and-hedging/), [34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/34-irony-and-figurative-language/), [37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/)) |
| Brown-UK (Starko & Rysin 2023) | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | counts only ([30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/30-pragmatics-overview/)–[32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/32-politeness-and-hedging/), [34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/34-irony-and-figurative-language/)) |
| VESUM, `dict_corp_vis.txt.bz2` | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | the morphology of `kg`'s measured parses; tag counts ([37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/)) |

## Wanted (not in the library)

- A published statement of the Institute of the Ukrainian Language (NAS of Ukraine) on norm and usage ([37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/)).
- Borys Antonenko-Davydovych, *Як ми говоримо*; a modern academic grammar of Ukrainian syntax; a modern source on the instrumental agent ([28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/28-voice-and-passive/)).
- The Oldenburg surzhyk corpus; the *Атлас української мови*; a modern dialectology handbook ([37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/37-register-and-variation/)).
- [← previous Sources: chapters 00–19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/sources-00-19/)
- [↑ back to Ukrainian: a reference manual for Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/uk/)