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# Better Arabic Parsing: Baselines, Evaluations, and Analysis

**Authors:** Spence Green; [Christopher D. Manning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/christopher-d-manning/) · **Year:** 2010 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2010) **Link:** [aclanthology.org/C10-1045](https://aclanthology.org/C10-1045/) · library `aclbulk-2010-green-better-arabic-parsing-baselines-evaluations` · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) (ACL Anthology, before 2016) — summary only

[**177** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149709850) openalex · 2026-10-19[**57** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/aclbulk-2010-green-better-arabic-parsing-baselines-evaluations/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2010)](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/C10-1/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/C10-1045/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/C10-1045.pdf)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2149709850)

**Authors (2)**

1. [Spence Green](https://openalex.org/A5004988074) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/48329856) · h 17 · 1358 citations · 38 works
2. [Christopher D. Manning](https://openalex.org/A5046006076) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/2257172629) · h 140 · 185462 citations · 781 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-19); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

Green and Manning ask why constituency parsers for Modern Standard Arabic lag behind English results on the Penn Arabic Treebank (ATB). They name three sources: ambiguity created by unvocalized script (one surface form can be a particle, a pseudo-verb or a verb), discourse-level use of the conjunction wa that the ATB tags the same as noun-noun coordination, and weaker annotation consistency than in the WSJ (a variation n-gram sample gives a much higher type-level error rate for the ATB, about 37% against about 12%). They write a hand-built grammar that is competitive with a latent-variable PCFG, and improve three parsers (Stanford, Berkeley, Bikel) with preprocessing and tag fixes. Their conclusion: without gold segmentation, parsing scores drop by 2–5 F1 points.

## Ideas

- I1. Split the coordinator by role: tag each conjunction with the category of its right sister, so that noun-noun coordination and discourse-level waw get different labels. The paper shows this distinction causes a real share of parsing errors.
- I2. Homograph lexicon for unvocalized forms: where one written form has several readings (a particle reading and a verb reading, for example), store all candidates with a context rule that chooses among them, instead of one fixed tag.
- I3. Measure the segmentation gap: run the same test sentences through the segmenter and with gold segmentation, and report the difference the way the paper does.
- I4. Run a variation n-gram check (the Dickinson-style method the paper adapts) over the Hebrew trees before training, to find inconsistent dependency patterns in the treebank conversions.

## For Mova

I1 goes into [Syntax: the clause and the sentence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/08-syntax/) (waw coordination). I2 goes into [The lexicon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/10-lexicon/) and the unpointed mode of `tools/hbo`. I3 is a test for `tools/hbo`, reported against gold segmentation. I4 is a check for `tools/macula compare` and `treebanks/hbo/ptnk`.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```
@inproceedings{green2010better,
  title = {{Better Arabic Parsing: Baselines, Evaluations, and Analysis}},
  author = {Green, Spence and Manning, Christopher D.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2010)},
  year = {2010},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/C10-1045/}
}
```

- [← previous Clitics in Arabic Language: A Statistical Study](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2010-alotaiby-clitics-arabic-language-statistical-study/)
- [next → Simultaneous Tokenization and Part-Of-Speech Tagging for Arabic without a Morphological Analyzer](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/aclbulk-2010-kulick-simultaneous-tokenization-part-speech-tagging/)
- [↑ back to Semitic languages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sem/)

## References

46 references, 12 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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