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# CCGbank: A Corpus of CCG Derivations and Dependency Structures Extracted from the Penn Treebank

**Authors:** Julia Hockenmaier, [Mark Steedman](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/mark-steedman/) · **Year:** 2007 · **Venue:** Computational Linguistics **Link:** [aclanthology.org/J07-3004](https://aclanthology.org/J07-3004/) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) — summary only

[**383** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2159636675) openalex · 2026-10-18[**228** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/bank-2007-hockenmaier-ccgbank-corpus-ccg-derivations-dependency/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Computational Linguistics](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/J07-3/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/J07-3004/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/J07-3004.pdf)
- [DOI 10.1162/coli.2007.33.3.355](https://doi.org/10.1162/coli.2007.33.3.355)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2159636675)

**Authors (2)**

1. [Julia Hockenmaier](https://openalex.org/A5042661827) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-1752) · h 33 · 10885 citations · 129 works
2. [Mark Steedman](https://openalex.org/A5055023881) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2509-0797) · h 63 · 19016 citations · 370 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex (2026-10-18); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The paper gives an algorithm that translates Penn Treebank phrase-structure trees into Combinatory Categorial Grammar derivations, with binarization, head and complement/adjunct decisions, and word-word dependencies, including long-range ones from extraction, control, raising, right-node raising and coordination. Before translation the Penn annotation is corrected for noise and inconsistencies. The resulting corpus, CCGbank, covers 48,934 of the 49,208 Penn sentences (99.44%). The rule instantiations are Zipfian: in sections 02–21, 3,262 instantiated rules occur, and the ten most frequent cover 59.2% of all instances. Rule coverage on the unseen section 00 is 51,932 of 51,984 instances.

## Ideas

- I1. test only: take the long-range pairs that CCGbank gives for extraction and control in section 00 as gold, and score the controlled-subject and relative-antecedent relations that `prag` and `world` derive from `en` parses by recall; the data is research-only, so it is for tests only.
- I2. en/src/convert.rs: count the sentences each converter rejects and group the reasons, as CCGbank reports its 274 untranslatable sentences by cause, and do the same for the `mova` dialect converters under treebanks/en.
- I3. tools/treeagree: report how concentrated the gate violations are over the most frequent violation patterns, as the paper's Zipf counts do, so that the top ten can be fixed first.

## For Mova

The long-range relations of I1 belong to 25-relative-clauses, 23-complementation and 24-coordination-subordination (right-node raising). The code is the `prag` and `world` crates, `en/src/convert.rs` and `tools/treeagree`. Measure first: the rejection counts of I2, since they show what the converters lose before any model is trained.

Topics: [Dependency parsing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/dependency-parsing/) · [Treebanks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/treebanks/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.1162/coli.2007.33.3.355](https://doi.org/10.1162/coli.2007.33.3.355)

```
@article{hockenmaier2007ccgbank,
  title = {{CCGbank: A Corpus of CCG Derivations and Dependency Structures Extracted from the Penn Treebank}},
  author = {Hockenmaier, Julia and Steedman, Mark},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2007},
  doi = {10.1162/coli.2007.33.3.355},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/coli.2007.33.3.355}
}
```

- [← previous LinES: An English-Swedish Parallel Treebank](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bank-2007-ahrenberg-lines-english-swedish-parallel-treebank/)
- [next → Adding Noun Phrase Structure to the Penn Treebank](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bank-2007-vadas-adding-noun-phrase-structure-penn/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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