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# More Constructions, More Genres: Extending Stanford Dependencies

**Authors:** [Marie-Catherine de Marneffe](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/marie-catherine-de-marneffe/), Miriam Connor, [Natalia Silveira](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/natalia-silveira/), [Samuel R. Bowman](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/samuel-r-bowman/), [Timothy Dozat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/timothy-dozat/), [Christopher D. Manning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/christopher-d-manning/) · **Year:** 2013 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (DepLing 2013) **Link:** [aclanthology.org/W13-3721](https://aclanthology.org/W13-3721/) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) — summary only

[**38** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2117425229) openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14[**9** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/bank-2013-marneffe-more-constructions-more-genres-extending/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (DepLing 2013)](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/W13-37/)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/W13-3721/)
- [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/W13-3721.pdf)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2117425229)

**Authors (6)**

1. [Marie-Catherine de Marneffe](https://openalex.org/A5112862689) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/2241127) · h 31 · 8612 citations · 82 works
2. [Miriam Connor](https://openalex.org/A5072544294) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/40003246) · h 3 · 290 citations · 8 works
3. [Natalia Silveira](https://openalex.org/A5113023938) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/145851426) · h 7 · 1857 citations · 12 works
4. [Samuel R. Bowman](https://openalex.org/A5112713734) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/3644767) · h 48 · 21012 citations · 139 works
5. [Timothy Dozat](https://openalex.org/A5046428118) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/2277385) · h 13 · 4085 citations · 33 works
6. [Christopher D. Manning](https://openalex.org/A5046006076) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/144783904) · h 139 · 180101 citations · 770 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex-snapshot (2026-10-14); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The Stanford scheme was built on newswire and gives little analysis to constructions that are rare there but common in web text: tough adjectives, free relatives, comparatives, small clauses, questions, imperatives, fragments and lists. The paper proposes principled analyses for these. A tough-adjective object gets an `xobj` relation to the verb it is raised from, and free relatives take the wh-word as head with a relative-clause modifier. Comparatives of the as...as type attach to the gradable word, and loose-joining relations (list, parataxis) and `goeswith` handle informal text. The data is the Google English Web Treebank, about 250,000 words in five web domains, which the authors were annotating. The converter had no quantitative evaluation yet, and the paper says so.

## Ideas

- I1. `prag` (`world` frames): derive the verb's object in a tough-adjective sentence ("this address was hard to find") as an event argument, and measure how many such events are recovered on 100 EWT test sentences by hand count (test only).
- I2. `en/src/convert.rs`: mark the wh-word of a free relative as head with the relative-clause label, and measure LAS of `en parse-eval` on EWT test before and after, two runs each.
- I3. `en/seeds/errors/`: add a rule family for web-text repairs (split words such as "hand some", reparandum in speech repairs), and measure rule hits on 200 web sentences from the school corpus against hand-checked labels.
- I4. `en/src/morph.rs` and `en/src/tok.rs`: test whether the tokenizer keeps split words and hyphenated compounds apart correctly, counting errors per 1,000 tokens on web text.

## For Mova

Touches [23. Complementation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/23-complementation/) (tough adjectives, xcomp/ccomp), [25. Relative clauses](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/25-relative-clauses/) (free relatives), [21. The simple clause](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/21-clause-structure/) and [37. Register and variation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/37-register-and-variation/). Start with I2, since it changes only the converter and is measured by one run of `en parse-eval`.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```
@inproceedings{marneffe2013more,
  title = {{More Constructions, More Genres: Extending Stanford Dependencies}},
  author = {Marneffe, Marie-Catherine de and Connor, Miriam and Silveira, Natalia and Bowman, Samuel R. and Dozat, Timothy and Manning, Christopher D.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (DepLing 2013)},
  year = {2013},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/W13-3721/}
}
```

- [← previous Parsing Noun Phrases in the Penn Treebank](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bank-2011-vadas-parsing-noun-phrases-penn-treebank/)
- [next → Predicting Conjunct Propagation and Other Extended Stanford Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/bank-2013-nyblom-predicting-conjunct-propagation-other-extended/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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