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# Who cites «I don't believe in word senses»

100 papers of our library cite it, newest first: found in their bibliographies, which we read ourselves. [← the card](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lex-1997-kilgarriff-word-senses/)

1. [CoMeDi Shared Task: Median Judgment Classification & Mean Disagreement Ranking with Ordinal Word-in-Context Judgments](https://aclanthology.org/2025.comedi-1.4/) *— 2025 · Proceedings of Context and Meaning: Navigating Disagreements in NLP Annotation*
2. [Definition generation for lexical semantic change detection](https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-acl.339/) *— 2024 · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024*
3. [Polysemy–-Evidence from Linguistics, Behavioral Science, and Contextualized Language Models](https://aclanthology.org/2024.cl-1.10/) *— 2024 · Computational Linguistics*
4. [The DURel Annotation Tool: Human and Computational Measurement of Semantic Proximity, Sense Clusters and Semantic Change](https://aclanthology.org/2024.eacl-demo.15/) *— 2024 · Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations*
5. [Towards a Complete Solution to Lexical Semantic Change: an Extension to Multiple Time Periods and Diachronic Word Sense Induction](https://aclanthology.org/2024.lchange-1.10/) *— 2024 · Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Historical Language Change*
6. [Ambiguity Meets Uncertainty: Investigating Uncertainty Estimation for Word Sense Disambiguation](https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-acl.245/) *— 2023 · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023*
7. [Interpretable Word Sense Representations via Definition Generation: The Case of Semantic Change Analysis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lex-2023-giulianelli-definition-generation-senses/) *— our card · 2023 · ACL 2023 (Toronto)*
8. [Marek Blahuš; Michal Cukr; Ondřej Herman; Miloš Jakubíček; Vojtěch Kovář; Jan Kraus; Marek Medveď; Vlasta Ohlídalová; Vít Suchomel. Rapid Ukrainian-English Dictionary Creation Using Post-Edited Corpus Data // eLex 2023 Proceedings](https://elex.link/elex2023/proceedings-download/) *— 2023 · eLex 2023 Proceedings*
9. [The DA-ELEXIS Corpus - a Sense-Annotated Corpus for Danish with Parallel Annotations for Nine European Languages](https://aclanthology.org/2023.resourceful-1.2/) *— 2023 · Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Resources and Representations for Under-Resourced Languages and Domains (RESOURCEFUL-2023)*
10. [Compiling a Suitable Level of Sense Granularity in a Lexicon for AI Purposes: The Open Source COR Lexicon](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.6/) *— 2022 · Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference*
11. [Contextualized embeddings for semantic change detection: Lessons learned](https://nejlt.ep.liu.se/article/view/3478) *— 2022 · Northern European Journal of Language Technology*
12. [Multitasking Framework for Unsupervised Simple Definition Generation](https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.409/) *— 2022 · Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)*
13. [RuDSI: Graph-based Word Sense Induction Dataset for Russian](https://aclanthology.org/2022.textgraphs-1.9/) *— 2022 · Proceedings of TextGraphs-16: Graph-based Methods for Natural Language Processing*
14. [Computational approaches to semantic change](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5040241) *— 2021 · edited-volume*
15. [DWUG: A large Resource of Diachronic Word Usage Graphs in Four Languages](https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.567/) *— 2021 · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing*
16. [Exploring the Representation of Word Meanings in Context: A Case Study on Homonymy and Synonymy](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.281/) *— 2021 · Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)*
17. [Framing Word Sense Disambiguation as a Multi-Label Problem for Model-Agnostic Knowledge Integration](https://aclanthology.org/2021.eacl-main.286/) *— 2021 · Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Main Volume*
18. [Swords: A Benchmark for Lexical Substitution with Improved Data Coverage and Quality](https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.345/) *— 2021 · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies*
19. [Analysing Lexical Semantic Change with Contextualised Word Representations](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.365/) *— 2020 · Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics*
20. [Generationary or «How We Went beyond Word Sense Inventories and Learned to Gloss»](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/lex-2020-bevilacqua-generationary/) *— our card · 2020 · EMNLP 2020*
21. [Modelling Frequency and Attestations for OntoLex-Lemon](https://aclanthology.org/2020.globalex-1.1/) *— 2020 · Proceedings of the 2020 Globalex Workshop on Linked Lexicography*
22. [What are the Goals of Distributional Semantics?](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.663/) *— 2020 · Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics*
23. [Completing the Princeton Annotated Gloss Corpus Project](https://aclanthology.org/2019.gwc-1.48/) *— 2019 · Proceedings of the 10th Global Wordnet Conference*
24. [Don't Blame Distributional Semantics if it can't do Entailment](https://aclanthology.org/W19-0410/) *— 2019 · Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Semantics - Long Papers*
25. [Embedding Words as Distributions with a Bayesian Skip-gram Model](https://aclanthology.org/C18-1151/) *— 2018 · Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics*
26. [From Word to Sense Embeddings: A Survey on Vector Representations of Meaning](https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.04032) *— 2018 · arXiv:1805.04032*
27. [A Game-Theoretic Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation](https://aclanthology.org/J17-1002/) *— 2017 · Computational Linguistics*
28. [Beyond Bilingual: Multi-sense Word Embeddings using Multilingual Context](https://aclanthology.org/W17-2613/) *— 2017 · Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP*
29. [Learning Topic-Sensitive Word Representations](https://aclanthology.org/P17-2070/) *— 2017 · Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)*
30. [Lexical Chains meet Word Embeddings in Document-level Statistical Machine Translation](https://aclanthology.org/W17-4813/) *— 2017 · Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Discourse in Machine Translation*
31. [The Parallel Meaning Bank: Towards a Multilingual Corpus of Translations Annotated with Compositional Meaning Representations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/abzianidze-2017-parallel-meaning-bank-multilingual-corpus/) *— our card · 2017 · Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 2, Short Papers*
32. [Word Sense Filtering Improves Embedding-Based Lexical Substitution](https://aclanthology.org/W17-1914/) *— 2017 · Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Sense, Concept and Entity Representations and their Applications*
33. [Metaphor as a Medium for Emotion: An Empirical Study](https://aclanthology.org/S16-2003/) *— 2016 · Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics*
34. [USAAR at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Complex Word Identification with Sense Entropy and Sentence Perplexity](https://aclanthology.org/S16-1147/) *— 2016 · Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016)*
35. [Universal Decompositional Semantics on Universal Dependencies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/white-2016-universal-decompositional-semantics-universal-dependencies/) *— our card · 2016 · Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing*
36. [Word Sense Clustering and Clusterability](https://aclanthology.org/J16-2003/) *— 2016 · Computational Linguistics*
37. [Ontologically Grounded Multi-sense Representation Learning for Semantic Vector Space Models](https://aclanthology.org/N15-1070/) *— 2015 · Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies*
38. [Polysemy, underspecification, and aspects – Questions of lumping or splitting in the construction of Swedish FrameNet](https://aclanthology.org/W15-2002/) *— 2015 · Proceedings of the workshop on Semantic resources and semantic annotation for Natural Language Processing and the Digital Humanities at NODALIDA 2015*
39. [Seeing is Correcting: curating lexical resources using social interfaces](https://aclanthology.org/W15-4203/) *— 2015 · Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics: Resources and Applications*
40. [Dead parrots make bad pets: Exploring modifier effects in noun phrases](https://aclanthology.org/S14-1021/) *— 2014 · Proceedings of the Third Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2014)*
41. [Lexical Substitution Dataset for German](https://aclanthology.org/L14-1450/) *— 2014 · Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14)*
42. [Measuring Word Meaning in Context](https://aclanthology.org/J13-3003/) *— 2013 · Computational Linguistics*
43. [A database of semantic clusters of verb usages](https://aclanthology.org/L12-1175/) *— 2012 · Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12)*
44. [Design and compilation of a specialized Spanish-German parallel corpus](https://aclanthology.org/L12-1326/) *— 2012 · Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12)*
45. [Managing Uncertainty in Semantic Tagging](https://aclanthology.org/E12-1085/) *— 2012 · Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics*
46. [Dynamic and Static Prototype Vectors for Semantic Composition](https://aclanthology.org/I11-1079/) *— 2011 · Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing*
47. [Word Meaning in Context: A Simple and Effective Vector Model](https://aclanthology.org/I11-1127/) *— 2011 · Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing*
48. [Anveshan: A Framework for Analysis of Multiple Annotators'' Labeling Behavior](https://aclanthology.org/W10-1806/) *— 2010 · Proceedings of the Fourth Linguistic Annotation Workshop*
49. [Exemplar-Based Models for Word Meaning in Context](https://aclanthology.org/P10-2017/) *— 2010 · Proceedings of the ACL 2010 Conference Short Papers*
50. [What Is Word Meaning, Really? (And How Can Distributional Models Help Us Describe It?)](https://aclanthology.org/W10-2803/) *— 2010 · Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on GEometrical Models of Natural Language Semantics*
51. [A Thesaurus-Based Semantic Classification of English Collocations](https://aclanthology.org/O09-5002/) *— 2009 · International Journal of Computational Linguistics & Chinese Language Processing, Volume 14, Number 3, September 2009*
52. [Investigations on Word Senses and Word Usages](https://aclanthology.org/P09-1002/) *— 2009 · Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP*
53. [Paraphrase Assessment in Structured Vector Space: Exploring Parameters and Datasets](https://aclanthology.org/W09-0208/) *— 2009 · Proceedings of the Workshop on Geometrical Models of Natural Language Semantics*
54. [Representing words as regions in vector space](https://aclanthology.org/W09-1109/) *— 2009 · Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL-2009)*
55. [Supporting inferences in semantic space: representing words as regions](https://aclanthology.org/W09-3711/) *— 2009 · Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computational Semantics*
56. [Wiktionary for Natural Language Processing: Methodology and Limitations](https://aclanthology.org/W09-3303/) *— 2009 · People's Web Meets NLP (ACL-IJCNLP 2009 workshop)*
57. [A Structured Vector Space Model for Word Meaning in Context](https://aclanthology.org/D08-1094/) *— 2008 · Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing*
58. [Polysemy in Verbs: Systematic Relations between Senses and their Effect on Annotation](https://aclanthology.org/W08-1206/) *— 2008 · Coling 2008: Proceedings of the workshop on Human Judgements in Computational Linguistics*
59. [Translation-oriented Word Sense Induction Based on Parallel Corpora](https://aclanthology.org/L08-1585/) *— 2008 · Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'08)*
60. [Learning to Merge Word Senses](https://aclanthology.org/D07-1107/) *— 2007 · Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)*
61. [Multilingual versus Monolingual WSD](https://aclanthology.org/W06-2505/) *— 2006 · Proceedings of the Workshop on Making Sense of Sense: Bringing Psycholinguistics and Computational Linguistics Together*
62. [Word Sense Induction: Triplet-Based Clustering and Automatic Evaluation](https://aclanthology.org/E06-1018/) *— 2006 · 11th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics*
63. [Annotating WordNet](https://aclanthology.org/W04-2710/) *— 2004 · Proceedings of the Workshop Frontiers in Corpus Annotation at HLT-NAACL 2004*
64. [Different Sense Granularities for Different Applications](https://aclanthology.org/W04-2807/) *— 2004 · Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Scalable Natural Language Understanding (ScaNaLU 2004) at HLT-NAACL 2004*
65. [Fine-Grained Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Parallel Corpora, Word Alignment, Word Clustering and Aligned Wordnets](https://aclanthology.org/C04-1192/) *— 2004 · COLING 2004: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics*
66. [Encoding Information on Metaphoric Expressions in WordNet-like Resources](https://aclanthology.org/W03-1402/) *— 2003 · Proceedings of the ACL 2003 Workshop on the Lexicon and Figurative Language*
67. [Which way should we go? Metaphoric expressions in lexical resources](https://aclanthology.org/L02-1341/) *— 2002 · Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'02)*
68. [English Tasks: All-Words and Verb Lexical Sample](https://aclanthology.org/S01-1005/) *— 2001 · Proceedings of SENSEVAL-2 Second International Workshop on Evaluating Word Sense Disambiguation Systems*
69. [Lexicalised Systematic Polysemy in WordNet](https://aclanthology.org/L00-1110/) *— 2000 · Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'00)*
70. [Introduction to the Special Issue on Word Sense Disambiguation: The State of the Art](https://aclanthology.org/J98-1001/) *— 1998 · Computational Linguistics*
71. akkaya-2014-iterative-constrained-clustering-subjectivity-word
72. belz-2009-last-words-that-s-nice
73. boleda-2025-llms-as-synthesis-between-symbolic
74. borin-2015-here-be-dragons-perils-promises
75. carrera-2008-spanish-verbs-selectional-preferences-automatic
76. cohn-2003-performance-metrics-word-sense-disambiguation
77. degraeuwe-2022-interactive-word-sense-disambiguation-foreign
78. ellinger-2025-simplifications-are-absolutists-how-simplified
79. ferret-2009-utiliser-des-sens-de-mots
80. freitas-2015-anotacao-de-corpus-com-openwordnet
81. hardcastle-2007-generalizing-syntactic-collocates-creative-language
82. herman-2024-shadowsense-multi-annotated-dataset-evaluating
83. herman-2026-detecting-subtle-sense-shift-polysemy
84. hu-2016-semantic-analysis-verb-shua3-taiwan
85. kutuzov-2016-exploration-register-dependent-lexical-semantics
86. liakata-2008-automatic-fine-grained-semantic-classification
87. mattern-2024-german-verb-sense-disambiguation-three
88. mikulova-2025-label-bias-symbolic-representation-meaning
89. oliveira-2010-automatic-creation-wordnet-term-based
90. olsen-2020-building-sense-representations-danish-combining
91. panunzi-2018-one-event-many-representations-mapping
92. pedersen-2023-reusing-danish-wordnet-new-central
93. prevot-2006-swadesh-list-creating-simple-common
94. rademaker-2016-verifying-integrity-constraints-rdf-based
95. romeo-2013-class-based-word-sense-induction
96. russo-2013-disambiguation-basic-action-types-through
97. sajous-2011-enrichissement-de-lexiques-semantiques-approvisionnes
98. schlechtweg-2021-modeling-sense-structure-word-usage
99. winnemoller-2004-constructing-text-sense-representations
100. zhang-2011-improving-word-sense-induction-exploiting
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