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# Conversational implicatures in English dialogue: Annotated dataset

**Authors:** Elizabeth Jasmi George, [Radhika Mamidi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/radhika-mamidi/) · **Year:** 2019 · **Venue:** arXiv:1911.10704 **Link:** [arxiv.org/abs/1911.10704](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.10704) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (paper); the dialogues come from TOEFL listening scripts and movie scripts and are not ours to reuse

[**12** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/george-2019-conversational-implicatures-english-dialogue-annotated/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we readarXiv:1911.10704[licence](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.10704)
- [PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.10704)
- [arXiv 1911.10704](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.10704)

**Authors (2)**

1. Elizabeth Jasmi George
2. Radhika Mamidi

Citations and author metrics from OpenAlex (); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

A small resource paper. The authors collect triples of context (a polar question), reply (an answer without an explicit yes or no) and implicated meaning (a spelled-out «Yes/No. …»). The sources are about 500 transcribed TOEFL listening-comprehension items and about 500 question-answer pairs from scripts of 45 animated films. They also report why crowdsourcing such pairs was hard: workers must imagine a situation, and many replies were evasive («I don't know», «as you wish»). The paper lists the reply types that carry an implicature: scalar («I made some of them»), generalised («I called Benjamin» to «John and Benjamin?» → not John), particularised («The cat seems happy»), relevance («Isn't it raining?»), rhetorical «Pope questions» («Can a duck swim?»), metaphor, tautology («A hamburger is a hamburger»), hyperbole and idiom. There is no model and no evaluation.

## Ideas

- I1. The «generalised» case can be computed from frames in the QUD stack (`world/src/qud.rs`). When a yes/no question has coordinated patients or agents («Did you call John and Benjamin?») and the answer frame has the same verb with a proper subset, the answer is «yes» for the named conjuncts and «no» (implicated) for the rest. This is the exhaustivity side of Quantity, and the explanation names the missing conjunct. Add a unit test with a control where the answer names all conjuncts.
- I2. Use the reply-type taxonomy as the label set of a small hand-written test file of question–indirect-answer pairs (our own sentences, not the TOEFL or movie lines). Route each type to the Mova component that should handle it: scalar → `prag/src/infer.rs`; rhetorical question → irony and rhetorical-question cues (`prag/src/irony.rs`); idiom → the expression base (`world/src/idioms.rs`); tautology and hyperbole → not yet handled. Report the polarity recovered per type.
- I3. A tautology reply («X is X») is a cheap, closed pattern: a copular frame whose subject and predicate have the same head lemma. Flag it in `infer::maxims` as a Quantity flout («nothing more needs to be said / it is what it is»), with no claim about the polarity.

## For Mova

[33. Implicature and presupposition](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/33-implicature-and-presupposition/) §3 and §5, [34. Irony and figurative language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/34-irony-and-figurative-language/) §5–6 (hyperbole, rhetorical questions), [38. Dialogue, discourse markers and reported speech](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/38-dialogue-and-discourse-markers/) §9; `world/src/qud.rs`, `prag/src/infer.rs`, `prag/src/irony.rs`; measures: polarity accuracy per reply type on our own test pairs, with direct yes/no answers as the control.

Topics: [Implicature](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/topics/implicature/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [arXiv 1911.10704](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.10704)

```
@misc{george2019conversational,
  title = {{Conversational implicatures in English dialogue: Annotated dataset}},
  author = {George, Elizabeth Jasmi and Mamidi, Radhika},
  year = {2019},
  eprint = {1911.10704},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.10704}
}
```

- [← previous Neural Natural Language Inference Models Partially Embed Theories of Lexical Entailment and Negation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/geiger-2020-neural-natural-language-inference-models/)
- [next → Surprisal and Satisfaction: Towards an Information-theoretic Characterization of Presuppositions with a Diachronic Application](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/gergel-2017-surprisal-satisfaction-information-theoretic-characterization/)
- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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