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# Exclaiming non-sententially: exclamative sluices and the (non-elliptical) nature of ellipsis constructions

**Authors:** [Jonathan Ginzburg](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/authors/jonathan-ginzburg/), Jong-Bok Kim · **Year:** 2023 · **Venue:** Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 8(1) **Link:** [glossa-journal.org/article/id/9639](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/9639/) (DOI [10.16995/glossa.9639](https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.9639)) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[**4** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386638118) openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14[**1** citations in our library](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/cited-by/ginzburg-2023-exclaiming-non-sententially-exclamative-sluices/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read[Glossa: a journal of general linguistics](https://openalex.org/S4210226983)[licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.9639)
- [PDF](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/9639/galley/23387/download)
- [DOI 10.16995/glossa.9639](https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.9639)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4386638118)

**Authors (2)**

1. [Jonathan Ginzburg](https://openalex.org/A5033085139) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5737-0991) · h 28 · 3906 citations · 226 works
2. [Jong-Bok Kim](https://openalex.org/A5036405267) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-0446) · h 20 · 1809 citations · 276 works

Citations and author metrics from openalex-snapshot (2026-10-14); authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The paper studies exclamative sluices, bare wh-phrases used as whole utterances ("What a goal!", "How odd!"), and argues that they behave differently from interrogative sluicing. Corpus counts from the BNC, London-Lund and COCA show that exclamative sluices are more frequent than exclamative clauses, and that their resolution is mostly exophoric, that is, it is not tied to a linguistic antecedent. The authors' sample of 69 what-sluices from COCA gives Cohen's kappa 0.49, rising to 0.75 when the 10 cases (14%) judged genuinely ambiguous are set aside. The analysis is HPSG with Type Theory with Records and KoS dialogue gameboards: the exclamative is a predication of a scaled-up property on a contextually given entity, and exclamation is linked to arousal. Exclamatives are argued to have a propositional denotation, and the authors cite examples where they answer questions and can be challenged.

## Ideas

- I1. Corpus-based counts for Mova: find bare wh-utterances in the English dialogue data (the school courses in `world/src/knowledge.rs`, and the story texts), label each one with the paper's three resolution types (recent QUD, recent referent, exophoric), and report the split. A deterministic classifier that picks the type from the last sentence of the context is a first test.
- I2. Add a `ScaleUp` table to the frames: an adjective or noun after "what a" or "how" yields a predicate with a positive or negative valence (the paper's "What joy!" versus "What a disaster!"). Keep the valence lexicon in a BTreeMap, with "underspecified" as a third value, and test it on the examples the paper gives (What joy!, What a hero!, What a disaster!, What a tragedy!, What a goal!, What a painting!).
- I3. Make the sluice rule of `prag` refuse embedding: a bare "What a goal" must not be inserted as the complement of "know" or "think", while "what a goal that was" may be. This is a simple, testable syntactic constraint, and the paper's (2) is a ready negative control.
- I4. Use the kappa procedure as a check on Mova's own annotation of such fragments: two independent rule-based labellers, reported with an agreement figure before any rule is tuned on the labels.

## For Mova

The grammar chapters are [29. Ellipsis, word order and information structure](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/29-ellipsis-word-order-information-structure/) (fragments and exclamatives) and [31. Speech acts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/31-speech-acts/) (exclaiming as an act, the exclamation contribution). The code is `prag/src/irony.rs` and `prag/src/infer.rs` for the emotive and valence readings, `coref` for the exophoric referent, and `world/src/qud.rs` for the question under discussion that fixes the recent-QUD reading. The measure is agreement between the rule labeller and a hand-checked sample, plus the embedding check in I3, run twice to confirm it is identical.

## Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.16995/glossa.9639](https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.9639)

```
@article{ginzburg2023exclaiming,
  title = {{Exclaiming non-sententially: exclamative sluices and the (non-elliptical) nature of ellipsis constructions}},
  author = {Ginzburg, Jonathan and Kim, Jong-Bok},
  journal = {Glossa: a journal of general linguistics},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {10.16995/glossa.9639},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.9639}
}
```

- [← previous Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/gildea-2002-automatic-labeling-semantic-roles/)
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- [↑ back to English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/en/)

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